The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History - Karatunov.net

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Black Sea, 241 Block-and-tackle, 238 Bocchus, 270 Body armor. See Armor Bodyguards, 115, 118, 254. See also Equites Singulares; Praetorian Guard Bogud, 289 Bolts, 214–215, 216. See also Weapons Bolt-shooting artillery, 214–216. See also Weapons Boots, military, 155–156, 260. See also Uniform, military Booty, 72, 107 Boudicca, revolt of, 23, 99, 176, 177, 307, 312–313 Bows and arrows, 211–212. See also Weapons Breuci, 291, 294 Brigetio, 159 Britain, 12, 23–24, 27, 29, 33, 46, 112, 113, 124, 133, 144, 160, 176, 182, 184, 185, 187, 192, 194, 200, 207, 211, 219, 223, 225–226, 232, 235, 240, 241, 247, 259, 285–286, 299, 318, 325, 327 and Boudicca, revolt of, 312–313 frontiers of Roman, 179 (map) and Mons Gra u p iu s , battle of , 3 1 3 – 3 1 5 British Museum, 7, 18 British tribesmen, 46 Britons, 78, 196, 197, 206, 226, 285–286, 307, 312–313 Brittones, 124, 143–144 Bructeri, 295 Brundisium, 287 Brutus, Marcus, 310–311 and Philippi, battle of, 310–311 Bucina, 159 Building inscriptions, 9–10 Burnswark, 217 Burnum, 113 Business rights (commercium), 68 Byrrus (or birrus), 155 Byzantine Empire, 48 Byzantium, 19, 47, 207, 247, 318 I n d e x 355 Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, Quintus, 94, 269 Caec i l ius Metellus Piu s , Q u i n tu s , 2 7 4 , 2 7 5 Caecilius Metellus Scipio, Quintus (Pompey’s father-in-law), 288, 289, 308 Caecilius Urbanus, Lucius, 235 Caecina, Aulus, 294, 295, 296 Caelius, Marcus tombstone of, 10, 11 (photo), 12 Caerleon, 212 Caesar, Gaius Julius, 3, 25, 27, 45, 54, 59, 62, 69, 96, 104, 149–150, 172, 268–269, 272, 285 (photo), 295, 324 and artillery, 213 assassination of, 57–58 and Augustus, 289–290, 290–291, 292, 293, 294 and auxiliary units, 120 and battle plans, 198, 199 biographical information on, 279–290 and bridge across the Rhine, 239 and camps, 192 and coinage, 71 and command and control, 202 as commander, 56–58 and communications, 230, 231–232 as Dictator, 64 and food rations, 111, 114 and food supply, 220, 222 and helmets, 158 heroic soldiers of, 304–307 as historian, 21–23 and holiday observances, 160 and intelligence, 225–226, 226–227 and knowledge of terrain, 195–196 and logistics and transport, 218–219, 223 marriage of, 279, 281 and military appointments, 202 and military music, 159 and military pay, 76, 106 and national numeri, 123–124 and naval and land forces, combining of, 206
356 I n d e x Caesar, Gaius Julius (continued) and order of march, 187, 189–190 and Pharsalus, battle of, 308–309 vs. Pompey, 275, 280–289, 308–309 and praetors, 65 and pro-magistracies, 66 and Senate, 61 and senatorial officers, 127 and slaves, 225 and supplies, 112 and transmission of orders, 203–204 and unity, 149 and use of troops in battle, 197 and veterans, 162, 163 Caesarians, 159, 289 vs. Liberators, 309–310 vs. Pompeians, 206, 226, 308 Caesaris Augusti corporis custodes, 118 Caesennius Paetus, 301 Cairo, 7 Calenus, Quintus, 306 Calgacus, 314 Caligula, 60, 118, 155, 167, 293, 295 Calones, 224–225 Calpurnius Bibulus, Marcus, 45 Calpurnius Piso, Gnaeus, 298 Calpurnius Piso, Lucius, 119 Calusidius, 294 Camel riders (dromedarii), 123 Camels, 219. See also Pack animals Camp prefect, 129 Campaigns, famous, 307–321. See also individual campaigns Campania, 69, 70, 111 Campanians, 37 Camps. See Marching camps; Temporary camps Campus Martius, 13, 88, 119, 135 Camulodunum (modern Colchester), 312 Canabae, 78–79 Caninius Rebilus, Gaius, 306–307 Cannae, battle of, 91, 111, 134, 146 Canninefates, 298 Cantabrians, 290 Canterbury, 213 Capite censi, 88, 94 Capito, 301 Cappadocia, 24, 187, 211, 299, 300, 301, 318 order of march in, 189 Capsarii, 235 Capua, 90, 93, 111, 166 Caracalla, Emperor (ad 198–217), 14, 61, 107, 108, 126, 142, 207 Carausius, British Usurper (ad 286–293), 207 Carbo. See Papirius Carbo, Gaius Carlisle, 81–82, 315 Carnuntum, 47, 79, 235, 260 Carpathians, 315, 317 Carpow, 207 Carroballistae, 104, 216. See also Artillery Carthage, 40–41, 52, 54, 72, 111, 204 Carthaginians, 39, 40, 91, 111, 135, 204–205, 212, 218 Carthago Nova (New Carthage, modern Cartagena), 198, 204 Cartography, 239–242 and Greeks, 240 and Peutinger Table, 240–241 Carvoran, 80 C a seu s ( ch ee s e ) , 2 2 1 . See also Food su pp ly Casilinum, 111 Caspian Sea, 278 Cassius Dio. See Dio Cassius Cassius Longinus, Gaius, 271 and Philippi, battle of, 310–311 Cassius Martialis, 102 Cassius Scaeva, 306, 333 Castell Collen, 194 Castra urbana, 119 Cataphractarii, 214 Catapulta (catapult), 104, 213–214, 215 (photo). See also Artillery Catiline. See Sergius Catalina, Lucius Cato. See Porcius Cato, Marcus Cato the Elder, 29 Catus Decianus, 312, 313 Caucasus, 24
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The Roman Army
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Copyright © 2006 by Pat Southern A
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vi C on ten ts Guard Troops: The Eq
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viii C on ten ts Britain in AD 83/8
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x The Roman A rmy and listened, to
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The Roman Army
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2 The Roman A rmy new adversaries,
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4 The Roman A rmy con tro l , co u
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6 The Roman A rmy tives asking for
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8 The Roman A rmy Bowman, 1983; Bow
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10 The Roman A rmy the overall pict
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12 The Roman A rmy Perhaps by way o
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14 The Roman A rmy The inner panels
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16 The Roman A rmy Trajan’s Colum
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18 The Roman A rmy build up a pictu
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20 The Roman A rmy freedom and inde
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22 The Roman A rmy vers and battles
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24 The Roman A rmy the tri bes of s
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26 The Roman A rmy Titus Livius (Li
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28 The Roman A rmy his work provide
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30 The Roman A rmy Hyginus cannot b
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32 The Roman A rmy 371 to 392 (Bran
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34 The Roman A rmy a rmy, f ron ti
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36 The Roman A rmy Prosopographia I
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38 The Roman A rmy Rome was founded
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40 The Roman A rmy supplies was vit
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42 Map of the Roman Empire in the m
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The term p ro v i n c i a did not o
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H i s t o r i c a l Ba c k g r o u
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Ancient sources for the regal perio
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intended to keep to himself, as wel
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Sharing power with a colleague was
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set the total at 600, a figure that
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The principal duties of the consuls
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the ri ght of i n terce s s i o, or
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During the Republic there were two
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The Army of the Roman Republic Chap
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class (classis means “calling”)
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n euvers but could also provi de ac
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total of 600 men, but the numbers o
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tilius Rufus, had assembled an army
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The Roman A rmy 97 Roman soldiers e
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have been awarded its title Victrix
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as h a s t a tus po s teri o r, t h
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The Roman A rmy 103 There was no ex
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of the ba ll i s t a ri i , u n der
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From time to time soldiers could lo
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The Roman A rmy 109 Standardization
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The military records were scru p u
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The Roman A rmy 113 Local provision
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nu s , h ad been sent to ga t h er
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The Roman A rmy 117 wise at the acc
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Troops in Rome: The Urban Cohorts a
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The Roman A rmy 121 constantly move
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L i ke the ju n i or of f i cers in
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these were the legionary centurions
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The Roman A rmy 127 The normal tour
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the other five were equestrian trib
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Recruitment Ot h er Ra n k s The Ro
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ashing. For the majority of recruit
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The Roman A rmy 135 Ha n n i b a l
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chosen, or whether they had to appl
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The Roman A rmy 139 Ch ee s m a n ,
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142 The Roman A rmy manders usually
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144 The Roman A rmy original recrui
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146 The Roman A rmy from battle, le
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148 The Roman A rmy unit prob a bly
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150 The Roman A rmy Alaudae (the la
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152 The Roman A rmy does not imply
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154 The Roman A rmy mental chronolo
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156 The Roman A rmy the knee , but
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158 The Roman A rmy verted bowl mad
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160 The Roman A rmy Holidays and Ob
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162 The Roman A rmy The purely mili
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164 The Roman A rmy m i s s i o) .
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166 The Roman A rmy skirts are laid
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168 The Roman A rmy As noted above,
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Chapter 5 The Roman Army at War Doc
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 173 ref u s
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 175 Soldier
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 177 Undated
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Map showing the locations of the fr
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Plan of Wallsend fort, which stood
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 183 Arch of
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 185 the fro
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tail, chiefly from Britain and to s
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• Mules carrying the sections of
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On the march, the eight men of a c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 193 Tem por
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 195 The Rom
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 197 could t
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t h em . A good example of this is
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 201 ti on c
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 203 closely
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 205 the wal
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The Roman A rmy at Wa r 207 36 bc,
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Chapter 6 Tools of War We a pon r y
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shield unwieldy and therefore usele
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spatha in an archaeological dig doe
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Engraving after The Catapult by Edw
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took rep l ace a ble spri n gs so t
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Tools of Wa r 219 animals by foragi
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Tools of Wa r 221 down to 5,000 men
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Tools of Wa r 223 and Tiberius as t
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individual soldiers or were corpora
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Tools of Wa r 227 3 5 . 2 - 4 ) . G
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e s pon den ce , dealt with em b a
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Tools of Wa r 231 s en t . As Po ly
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their own decisions about how to re
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Tools of Wa r 235 Several of the at
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V-shaped cut, and if the bullet is
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the majori ty being the legi on a r
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Tools of Wa r 241 Title page of a m
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Tools of Wa r 243 Dixon, Karen R.,
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246 The Roman A rmy The hard-presse
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248 The Roman A rmy of the late thi
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250 The Roman A rmy ing the third c
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252 Map of the later Roman Empire r
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254 The Roman A rmy Danube may owe
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256 The Roman A rmy ti ons should c
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258 The Roman A rmy PROFITEERING IN
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260 The Roman A rmy of ad 366 refer
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262 The Roman A rmy In the later Ro
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264 The Roman A rmy The late Roman
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Chapter 8 Great Soldiers and Battle
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iography surely starts with him, an
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G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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The greatest general of his day, Po
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scription comes from the pen of Sue
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Page 320 and 321: G r e at S o l d i e r s a n d B at
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Page 338 and 339: Chapter 9 Current Assessment Ma j o
Page 340 and 341: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 342 and 343: C u r r e n t A s s e s s m e n t 3
Page 344 and 345: of Rom a n s , provi n c i a l s ,
Page 346 and 347: Appendix Rank Structure in the Roma
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Page 366 and 367: Index A note on Roman names: the Ro
Page 368 and 369: Arch of Severus, 14, 107, 321 (phot
Page 372 and 373: Cavalry, 91-92, 93, 94, 101-102, 14
Page 374 and 375: Cornelius Celsus, Aulus, 236-237 Co
Page 376 and 377: Elections, 2 Elginhaugh, 223 Elite
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Page 380 and 381: Javelin. See Pilum Javolenus Priscu
Page 382 and 383: Librarii, 105, 333 Liccaius (rival
Page 384 and 385: and treatment of wounds, 236-237 an
Page 386 and 387: Patrimonium, 74-75, 78 Pax Romana,
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Page 390 and 391: Senate, 59 and decision to go to wa
Page 392 and 393: water, 111, 114, 221 See also Food
Page 394 and 395: See also Food supply; Supplies Trea
Page 396: and Praetorians, 117 and Urban Coho
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