McKay, Donald. "Front matter" Multimedia Environmental Models ...

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Table 3.2 List of Chemicals Commonly Found on Priority Chemical Lists Volatile Halogentated Hydrocarbons Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons Chloromethane Benzene Methylene chloride Toluene Chloroform o-Xylene Carbontetrachloride m-Xylene Chloroethane p-Xylene 1,1-Dichloroethane Ethylbenzene 1,2-Dichloroethane cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Styrene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Vinyl chloride Naphthalene 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1-Methylnaphthalene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2-Methylnaphthalene Trichloroethylene Trimethylnaphthalene Tetrachloroethylene Biphenyl Hexachloroethane Acenaphthene 1,2-Dichloropropane Acenaphthylene 1,3-Dichloropropane Fluorene cis-1,3-Dichloropropylene Anthracene trans-1,3-Dichloropropylene Fluoranthene Chloroprene Phenanthrene Bromomethane Pyrene Bromoform Chrysene Ethylenedibromide Benzo(a)anthracene Chlorodibromomethane Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Dichlorobromomethane Benzo(b)fluoranthene Dichlorodibromomethane Benzo(k)fluoranthene Freons (chlorofluoro-hydrocarbons) Benzo(a)pyrene Dichlorodifluoromethane Perylene Trichlorofluoromethane Halogenated Monoaromatics Chlorobenzene Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Indeno(1,2,3)pyrene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Dienes 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,3-Butadiene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Cyclopentadiene 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene ©2001 CRC Press LLC Alcohols and Phenols Benzyl alcohol Phenol o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol 2-Hydroxybiphenyl 4-Hydroxybiphenyl Eugenol
Table 3.2 List of Chemicals Commonly Found on Priority Chemical Lists 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene Halogenated Phenols Pentachlorobenzene 2-Chlorophenol Hexachlorobenzene 2,4-Dichlorophenol 2,4,5-Trichlorotoluene 2,6-Dichlorophenol Octachlorostyrene 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol Halogenated Biphenyls and Naphthalenes 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol 1-Chloronaphthalene 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 2-Chloronaphthalene 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs) Pentachlorophenol 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol Aroclor Mixtures (PCBs) 2,4-Dimethylphenol Aroclor 1016 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Tetrachloroguaiacol Aroclor 1242 Nitrophenols, Nitrotoluenes Aroclor 1248 and Related Compounds Aroclor 1254 2-Nitrophenol Aroclor 1260 4-Nitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Nitrobenzene Tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins 2,4-Dinitrotoluene Pentachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins Hexachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins 2,6-Dinitrotoluene Heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins 1-Nitronaphthalene Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin 2-Nitronaphthalene Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins 5-Nitroacenaphthalene Chlorinated Dibenzofurans Fluorinated Compounds Tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans Polyfluorinated alkanes Pentachlorinated dibenzofurans Trifluoroacetic acid Hexachlorinated dibenzofurans Fluoro-chloro acids Heptachlorinated dibenzofurans Octachlorodibenzofuran Polyfluorinated chemicals Phthalate Esters Nitrosamines and Other Nitrogen Compounds Dimethylphthalate N-Nitrosodimethylamine Diethylphthalate N-Nitrosodiethylamine Di-n-butylphthalate N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Di-n-octylphthalate N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Diphenylamine Indole Benzylbutylphthalate 4-aminoazobenzene Chlorinated longer chain alkanes Pesticides, including biocides, fungicides, rodenticides, insecticides and herbicides ©2001 CRC Press LLC
Page 1 and 2: McKay, Donald. "Front matter" Multi
Page 3 and 4: Multimedia Environmental Models The
Page 5 and 6: hensive, and reliable, and they hav
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 So
Page 9 and 10: McKay, Donald. "Introduction" Multi
Page 11 and 12: It is now evident that our task is
Page 13 and 14: McKay, Donald. "Some Basic Concepts
Page 15 and 16: give the derived units directly wit
Page 17 and 18: Energy (joule, J) The joule, which
Page 19 and 20: particles (aerosols), or biota in w
Page 21 and 22: Worked Example 2.1 A three-phase sy
Page 23 and 24: (i) What is the concentration (C) i
Page 25 and 26: Answer ©2001 CRC Press LLC 5.1 kg,
Page 27 and 28: or or When t is zero, C is zero, th
Page 29 and 30: What is the absolute minimum piscic
Page 31 and 32: ©2001 CRC Press LLC C 1 = C O/(1 +
Page 33 and 34: containing nonequilibrium quantitie
Page 35 and 36: 1. Fallout of chemical from air to
Page 37 and 38: validated using real environments.
Page 39 and 40: ©2001 CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 3 Envi
Page 41: of other, somewhat similar or homol
Page 45 and 46: elatively high concentrations. This
Page 47 and 48: exists between toxicologists and ch
Page 49 and 50: determine priority. This is a subje
Page 51 and 52: Another important classification of
Page 53 and 54: Figure 3.1 (continued) ©2001 CRC P
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.5 (continued) dichlorometha
Page 57 and 58: Table 3.5 (continued) total PCB 326
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.2 Plot of log K AW vs. log
Page 61 and 62: chlorofluoro compounds are very sta
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.2.7 Arsenic Compounds Arsenic,
Page 65 and 66: McKay, Donald. "The Nature of Envir
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1 Evaluative environments.
Page 69 and 70: are subject to two important deposi
Page 71 and 72: metals and organic chemicals from w
Page 73 and 74: carbon figure for deeper sediments
Page 75 and 76: flows. The quality of this groundwa
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.2 Evaluative Environments A
Page 79 and 80: McKay, Donald. "Phase Equilibrium"
Page 81 and 82: Figure 5.1 Some principles and conc
Page 83 and 84: likely using an equilibrium criteri
Page 85 and 86: Another useful quantity is the rati
Page 87 and 88: experimentally, but not directly, u
Page 89 and 90: ©2001 CRC Press LLC 5.3 PROPERTIES
Page 91 and 92: 1.0. This, then, is the fugacity or
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where ©2001 CRC Press LLC pH is -l
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In terms of solubilities, S iA and
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The temperature coefficient is the
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(1982), Baum (1997) and Leo (2000).
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Although it may appear environmenta
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Figure 5.4 Illustration of quantita
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5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PARTITION COEFFIC
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C S = K PC W benzene = 1.1 ¥ 0.001
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Mackay (1986), in an attempt to sim
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Compartment Definition of Fugacity
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high concentration in the fish, but
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heat capacity of 0.38 J/g°C requir
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Therefore, ©2001 CRC Press LLC f =
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©2001 CRC Press LLC Z T = S(V i/V
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©2001 CRC Press LLC air Z = P S /R
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Table 5.1 Table 5.1 Summary of Defi
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Figure 5.7 Fugacity form 1 for dedu
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Calculate the following physical-ch
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©2001 CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 6 Adve
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that all water will spend 100 days
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This enables us to conceive of, and
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©2001 CRC Press LLC f = 15/0.5 = 3
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D AS dominates. A residence time of
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and Therefore, ©2001 CRC Press LLC
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eaction situation in which there is
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The rate constants in each case are
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©2001 CRC Press LLC 1/t O = SD Ai/
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e achieved in 10 days. Detractors o
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sulfate to sulfide or by dechlorina
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to Zepp and Cline (1977) for the or
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©2001 CRC Press LLC 6.7 LEVEL II C
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Figure 6.3 Fugacity Level II calcul
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McKay, Donald. "Intermedia Transpor
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Figure 7.1 Illustration of nonequil
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5. Diffusion within soils, and from
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sionally, the term flux rate is use
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©2001 CRC Press LLC N = ABDC/ Dy m
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no currents or eddies. In practice,
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diffusivity, and some unknown layer
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where ©2001 CRC Press LLC X = y/ U
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fraction of the total volume that i
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Figure 7.6 Mass transfer at the int
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partition coefficient. The signific
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and the series retains a similar ra
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ments of resuspension rates are par
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Figure 7.8 Movement of air phase (k
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ates can thus be used to estimate m
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Figure 7.9 Combination of D values
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Figure 7.10 Four-compartment Level
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Table 7.2 Order of Magnitude Values
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Unlike the Level II calculation, it
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Figure 7.12 Sample Level III output
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McKay, Donald. "Applications of Fug
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applications. Citations are given t
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Another approach is to employ Monte
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LEVEL1B A six-compartment Level I p
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Figure 8.1 Air-water exchange proce
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The total rates of transfer are thu
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Figure 8.2 Chemical transport and t
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mean. For chemical between depths o
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8.5.2 Process Description The water
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learn the benefits of using fugacit
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where Figure 8.5 QWASI model: stead
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are similar to those described by M
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C F ª Z Ff W ª 1.608 mol/m 3 ª 4
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y Mackay et al. (1983), and an appl
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accordingly, but the final solution
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Figure 8.10 Fish bioaccumulation pr
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The nature of the processes control
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iomagnification is more significant
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An alternative and more elegant met
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8.11.2 Model of a Chemical Evaporat
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Paterson et al. (1991), and Hung an
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8.14.1 Introduction ©2001 CRC Pres
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mated again in mg/day. Food, the ot
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models. Most interest is in LRT in
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available from the University of To
Page 247 and 248:
McKay, Donald. "Appendix" Multimedi
Page 249 and 250:
©2001 CRC Press LLC
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