McKay, Donald. "Front matter" Multimedia Environmental Models ...

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Table 3.5 (continued) vinyl acetate 86.09 14100 20000 0.73 –92.8 55 55 170 550 2900 propyl acetate 102.13 4500 21000 1.24 –95 55 55 170 550 9370 methyl methacrylate 100.12 5100 15600 1.38 –42.8 17 55 55 170 7872 diphenylamine 169.23 0.0612 300 3.45 52.8 5 55 170 550 2000 aniline 93.12 65.19 36070 0.9 –6.3 5 170 170 1700 250 quinoline 129.16 1.21 6110 2.06 –14.85 55 170 550 1700 331 thiophene 84.14 10620 3015 1.81 –38 55 55 1700 5500 1400 benzoic acid 122.13 0.11 3400 1.89 122.4 55 55 170 550 1700 hexanoic acid 116.1 5 958 1.92 –3.44 55 55 170 550 6400 phenylacetic acid 136.15 0.83 16600 1.41 77 55 55 170 550 2250 salicylic acid 138.12 0.0208 2300 2.2 159 55 55 170 550 891 anthracene 178.2 0.001 0.045 4.54 216.2 55 550 5500 17000 8000 benzo[a]pyrene 252.3 7 x 10 –7 0.0038 6.04 175 170 1700 17000 55000 n/a chyrsene 228.3 5.7 x 0.002 5.61 255 170 1700 17000 55000 n/a 10 –7 naphthalene 128.19 10.4 31 3.37 80.5 17 170 1700 5500 2400 phenanthrene 178.2 0.02 1.1 4.57 101 55 550 5500 17000 n/a p-xylene 106.2 1170 214.9488 3.18 13.2 17 550 1700 5500 4300 pyrene 202.3 0.0006 0.132 5.18 156 170 1700 17000 55000 n/a benzo(b)thiophene 134.19 26.66 130 3.12 30.85 170 550 1700 5500 2200 1-methylnaphthalene 142.2 8.84 28 3.87 –22 17 170 1700 5500 1840 biphenyl 154.2 1.3 7 3.9 71 55 170 550 1700 3280 PCB-7 223.1 0.254 1.25 5 24.4 170 5500 17000 17000 n/a PCB-15 223.1 0.0048 0.06 5.3 149 170 5500 17000 17000 n/a PCB-29 257.5 0.0132 0.14 5.6 78 550 17000 55000 55000 n/a PCB-52 292 0.0049 0.03 6.1 87 1700 55000 55000 55000 n/a PCB-101 326.4 0.00109 0.01 6.4 76.5 1700 55000 55000 55000 n/a PCB-153 360.9 0.000119 0.001 6.9 103 5500 55000 55000 55000 n/a PCB-209 498.7 5.02x10 –8 10 –6 8.26 305.9 55000 55000 55000 55000 n/a ©2001 CRC Press LLC
Table 3.5 (continued) total PCB 326 0.0009 0.024 6.6 0 5500 55000 500000 500000 1900 dibenzo-p-dioxin 184 0.055 0.865 4.3 123 55 55 1700 5500 1220 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD 322 0.0000002 1.93x10 –5 6.8 305 170 550 17000 55000 0.02 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexaCDD 391 5.1x10 –9 4.42x10 –6 7.8 273 550 1700 55000 55000 0.8 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD 425.2 7.5x10 –10 2.4x10 –6 8 265 550 1700 55000 55000 6.325 OCDD 460 1.1x10 –10 7.4x10 –8 8.2 322 550 5500 55000 55000 1 dibenzofuran 168.2 0.3 4.75 4.31 86.5 55 170 1700 5500 n/a 2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran 237.1 0.00039 0.0145 5.44 184 170 550 5500 17000 n/a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 306 2x10 –6 4.19x10 –4 6.1 227 170 550 17000 55000 n/a octachlorodibenzofuran 443.8 5x10 –10 1.16x10 –6 8 258 550 5500 55000 55000 n/a 4-chlorophenol 128.56 20 27000 2.4 43 55 550 550 1700 500 2,4-dichlorophenol 163 12 4500 3.2 44 55 550 550 1700 2830 2,3,4-trichlorophenol 197.45 1 500 3.8 79 170 170 1700 5500 2800 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 197.45 1.25 434 3.69 69.5 170 170 1700 5500 2800 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 231.89 0.28 183 4.45 70 550 550 1700 5500 140 pentachlorophenol 266.34 0.00415 14 5.05 190 550 550 1700 5500 210 2,4-dimethylphenol 122.17 13.02 8795 2.35 26 17 55 170 550 2300 p-cresol 108.13 13 20000 1.96 34.8 5 17 55 170 207 dimethylphthalate (DMP) 194.2 0.22 4000 2.12 5 170 170 550 1700 2400 diethylphthalate (DEP) 222.26 0.22 1080 2.47 –40.5 170 170 550 1700 8600 dibutylphthalate (DBP) 278.34 0.00187 11.2 4.72 –35 55 170 550 1700 8000 butyl benzyl phthalate 312.39 0.00115 2.69 4.68 –35 55 170 550 1700 13500 di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) 390.54 1.33x10 –5 0.285 5.11 –50 55 170 550 1700 25000 aldicarb 190.25 0.004 6000 1.1 99 5 550 1700 17000 0.5 aldrin 364.93 0.005 0.02 6.50 104 55 5500 17000 55000 39 carbaryl 201.22 0.0000267 120 2.36 142 55 170 550 1700 230 carbofuran 221.3 0.00008 351 2.32 151 5 170 550 1700 5 chloropyrifos 350.6 0.00227 0.73 4.92 41 17 170 170 1700 82 ©2001 CRC Press LLC
Page 1 and 2:
McKay, Donald. "Front matter" Multi
Page 3 and 4:
Multimedia Environmental Models The
Page 5 and 6: hensive, and reliable, and they hav
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 So
Page 9 and 10: McKay, Donald. "Introduction" Multi
Page 11 and 12: It is now evident that our task is
Page 13 and 14: McKay, Donald. "Some Basic Concepts
Page 15 and 16: give the derived units directly wit
Page 17 and 18: Energy (joule, J) The joule, which
Page 19 and 20: particles (aerosols), or biota in w
Page 21 and 22: Worked Example 2.1 A three-phase sy
Page 23 and 24: (i) What is the concentration (C) i
Page 25 and 26: Answer ©2001 CRC Press LLC 5.1 kg,
Page 27 and 28: or or When t is zero, C is zero, th
Page 29 and 30: What is the absolute minimum piscic
Page 31 and 32: ©2001 CRC Press LLC C 1 = C O/(1 +
Page 33 and 34: containing nonequilibrium quantitie
Page 35 and 36: 1. Fallout of chemical from air to
Page 37 and 38: validated using real environments.
Page 39 and 40: ©2001 CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 3 Envi
Page 41 and 42: of other, somewhat similar or homol
Page 43 and 44: Table 3.2 List of Chemicals Commonl
Page 45 and 46: elatively high concentrations. This
Page 47 and 48: exists between toxicologists and ch
Page 49 and 50: determine priority. This is a subje
Page 51 and 52: Another important classification of
Page 53 and 54: Figure 3.1 (continued) ©2001 CRC P
Page 55: Table 3.5 (continued) dichlorometha
Page 59 and 60: Figure 3.2 Plot of log K AW vs. log
Page 61 and 62: chlorofluoro compounds are very sta
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.2.7 Arsenic Compounds Arsenic,
Page 65 and 66: McKay, Donald. "The Nature of Envir
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1 Evaluative environments.
Page 69 and 70: are subject to two important deposi
Page 71 and 72: metals and organic chemicals from w
Page 73 and 74: carbon figure for deeper sediments
Page 75 and 76: flows. The quality of this groundwa
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.2 Evaluative Environments A
Page 79 and 80: McKay, Donald. "Phase Equilibrium"
Page 81 and 82: Figure 5.1 Some principles and conc
Page 83 and 84: likely using an equilibrium criteri
Page 85 and 86: Another useful quantity is the rati
Page 87 and 88: experimentally, but not directly, u
Page 89 and 90: ©2001 CRC Press LLC 5.3 PROPERTIES
Page 91 and 92: 1.0. This, then, is the fugacity or
Page 93 and 94: where ©2001 CRC Press LLC pH is -l
Page 95 and 96: In terms of solubilities, S iA and
Page 97 and 98: The temperature coefficient is the
Page 99 and 100: (1982), Baum (1997) and Leo (2000).
Page 101 and 102: Although it may appear environmenta
Page 103 and 104: Figure 5.4 Illustration of quantita
Page 105 and 106: 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL PARTITION COEFFIC
Page 107 and 108:
C S = K PC W benzene = 1.1 ¥ 0.001
Page 109 and 110:
Mackay (1986), in an attempt to sim
Page 111 and 112:
Compartment Definition of Fugacity
Page 113 and 114:
high concentration in the fish, but
Page 115 and 116:
heat capacity of 0.38 J/g°C requir
Page 117 and 118:
Therefore, ©2001 CRC Press LLC f =
Page 119 and 120:
©2001 CRC Press LLC Z T = S(V i/V
Page 121 and 122:
©2001 CRC Press LLC air Z = P S /R
Page 123 and 124:
Table 5.1 Table 5.1 Summary of Defi
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 5.7 Fugacity form 1 for dedu
Page 127 and 128:
Calculate the following physical-ch
Page 129 and 130:
©2001 CRC Press LLC CHAPTER 6 Adve
Page 131 and 132:
that all water will spend 100 days
Page 133 and 134:
This enables us to conceive of, and
Page 135 and 136:
©2001 CRC Press LLC f = 15/0.5 = 3
Page 137 and 138:
D AS dominates. A residence time of
Page 139 and 140:
and Therefore, ©2001 CRC Press LLC
Page 141 and 142:
eaction situation in which there is
Page 143 and 144:
The rate constants in each case are
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©2001 CRC Press LLC 1/t O = SD Ai/
Page 147 and 148:
e achieved in 10 days. Detractors o
Page 149 and 150:
sulfate to sulfide or by dechlorina
Page 151 and 152:
to Zepp and Cline (1977) for the or
Page 153 and 154:
©2001 CRC Press LLC 6.7 LEVEL II C
Page 155 and 156:
Figure 6.3 Fugacity Level II calcul
Page 157 and 158:
McKay, Donald. "Intermedia Transpor
Page 159 and 160:
Figure 7.1 Illustration of nonequil
Page 161 and 162:
5. Diffusion within soils, and from
Page 163 and 164:
sionally, the term flux rate is use
Page 165 and 166:
©2001 CRC Press LLC N = ABDC/ Dy m
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no currents or eddies. In practice,
Page 169 and 170:
diffusivity, and some unknown layer
Page 171 and 172:
where ©2001 CRC Press LLC X = y/ U
Page 173 and 174:
fraction of the total volume that i
Page 175 and 176:
Figure 7.6 Mass transfer at the int
Page 177 and 178:
partition coefficient. The signific
Page 179 and 180:
and the series retains a similar ra
Page 181 and 182:
ments of resuspension rates are par
Page 183 and 184:
Figure 7.8 Movement of air phase (k
Page 185 and 186:
ates can thus be used to estimate m
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 7.9 Combination of D values
Page 189 and 190:
Figure 7.10 Four-compartment Level
Page 191 and 192:
Table 7.2 Order of Magnitude Values
Page 193 and 194:
Unlike the Level II calculation, it
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 7.12 Sample Level III output
Page 197 and 198:
McKay, Donald. "Applications of Fug
Page 199 and 200:
applications. Citations are given t
Page 201 and 202:
Another approach is to employ Monte
Page 203 and 204:
LEVEL1B A six-compartment Level I p
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Figure 8.1 Air-water exchange proce
Page 207 and 208:
The total rates of transfer are thu
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Figure 8.2 Chemical transport and t
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mean. For chemical between depths o
Page 213 and 214:
8.5.2 Process Description The water
Page 215 and 216:
learn the benefits of using fugacit
Page 217 and 218:
where Figure 8.5 QWASI model: stead
Page 219 and 220:
are similar to those described by M
Page 221 and 222:
C F ª Z Ff W ª 1.608 mol/m 3 ª 4
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y Mackay et al. (1983), and an appl
Page 225 and 226:
accordingly, but the final solution
Page 227 and 228:
Figure 8.10 Fish bioaccumulation pr
Page 229 and 230:
The nature of the processes control
Page 231 and 232:
iomagnification is more significant
Page 233 and 234:
An alternative and more elegant met
Page 235 and 236:
8.11.2 Model of a Chemical Evaporat
Page 237 and 238:
Paterson et al. (1991), and Hung an
Page 239 and 240:
8.14.1 Introduction ©2001 CRC Pres
Page 241 and 242:
mated again in mg/day. Food, the ot
Page 243 and 244:
models. Most interest is in LRT in
Page 245 and 246:
available from the University of To
Page 247 and 248:
McKay, Donald. "Appendix" Multimedi
Page 249 and 250:
©2001 CRC Press LLC
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