Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander

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296 between rays V1 and V2; on dorsal and ventral lobes of caudal fin long sequences of tubed scales, between rays D3-D4 and V4-V5, respectively. Scales absent from spinous dorsal fin; present on soft dorsal fin at least from about 150 mm SL, arranged in single or double rows posterior to each ray, in large specimens up to four rows of interradial scales and scales present also between major branches; scales absent on about 2-5 posterior interradial membranes. Anal-fin squamation developing basally in specimens about 50 mm SL; in large adults fin densely scaled with multiple interradial rows forming thick sheath, scales absent only on distal portion of posterior rays Dorsal-fin spines 15-16, rarely 14 (Table 6); spines increase in length to about 5 th (4 th -6 th ) spine, after which spines gradually decrease to very short penultimate spine, followed by slightly longer spine. Spines can be raised or laid back freely, except last spine, which attached to stiff, erect soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin. Dorsal-fin soft rays 16-18, rarely 15 (Table 6); soft-rayed part of dorsal fin about as high as anterior spinous part. Three anal spines, followed by 10-12, exceptionally eight or 13 soft rays (Table 7). Pelvic-fin spine inserted in advance of vertical from pectoral-fin base, followed by five branched rays. Pelvic fin with rounded, subacuminate, or pointed tip formed by first and/or second ray; inner Table 4. Absolute frequencies of scale counts in upper lateral line in species of Cichla (N = 213). N 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 69 Range C. ocellaris 12 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 8 C. orinocensis 27 1 1 3 3 8 3 2 3 1 1 1 14 C. nigromaculata 5 2 1 1 1 6 C. monoculus 35 1 1 1 2 3 4 8 7 1 2 2 1 1 1 16 C. kelberi 10 2 1 1 1 2 3 10 C. pleiozona 13 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 7 C. mirianae 15 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 2 13 C. melaniae 5 1 1 1 1 1 8 C. piquiti 18 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 3 1 15 C. thyrorus 5 1 2 2 6 C. jariina 3 1 1 1 8 C. pinima 34 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 6 2 3 3 4 2 2 1 19 C. vazzoleri 23 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 23 C. temensis 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15 C. intermedia 1 1 1 Table 5. Absolute frequencies of scale counts in lower lateral line in species of Cichla (N = 211). N 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 51 Range C. ocellaris 12 3 2 5 1 1 5 C. orinocensis 27 1 2 1 2 7 4 6 4 8 C. nigromaculata 5 3 1 1 5 C. monoculus 33 1 2 4 8 8 6 3 1 9 C. kelberi 10 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 9 C. pleiozona 13 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 10 C. mirianae 15 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 9 C. melaniae 5 1 1 2 1 7 C. piquiti 18 1 2 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 13 C. thyrorus 5 1 1 1 1 1 11 C. jariina 3 2 1 7 C. pinima 34 1 1 1 2 4 4 5 5 4 1 1 3 1 1 20 C. vazzoleri 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 4 2 18 C. temensis 7 1 1 2 1 1 1 17 C. intermedia 1 1 1 <strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla
Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -2 -1 0 Principal Component 1 Table 6. Absolute frequencies of dorsal fin rays, by spines/rays and total spines + rays, in species of Cichla (N = 357). Modal values in bold. XII XIII XIV XV XVI Spines + rays N 17 15 16 17 18 16 17 18 15 16 17 18 15 16 17 29 30 31 32 33 C. ocellaris 40 1 30 6 3 1 30 9 C. orinocensis 42 3 3 7 24 3 2 10 30 2 C. nigromaculata 5 1 1 3 1 4 C. monoculus 37 1 2 18 2 3 5 6 1 5 23 8 C. kelberi 10 8 1 1 9 1 C. pleiozona 17 1 9 4 1 2 1 10 6 C. mirianae 17 3 9 1 2 2 3 11 3 C. melaniae 7 7 7 C. piquiti 24 1 2 14 4 2 1 3 16 5 C. thyrorus 17 2 1 1 5 7 1 1 7 8 1 C. jariina 6 5 1 5 1 C. pinima 60 1 1 1 19 24 2 2 7 3 1 1 21 32 5 C. vazzoleri 33 1 2 13 12 5 2 14 17 C. temensis 36 4 25 1 3 3 4 28 4 C. intermedia 6 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 297 C. kelberi C. monoculus C. pleiozona C. nigromaculata C. ocellaris C. orinocensis C. intermedia C. jariina C. pinima C. piquiti C. temensis C. thyrorus C. vazzoleri C. melaniae C. mirianae Fig. 3. Principal component scores of morphometric factor 2 against factor 1 for pooled sample of species of Cichla. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4
Page 1 and 2: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
Page 3 and 4: Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol.
Page 5 and 6: that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
Page 7 and 8: except in C. intermedia. Occipital
Page 9: Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
Page 13 and 14: Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
Page 15 and 16: soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
Page 19 and 20: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 21 and 22: uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
Page 25 and 26: confluent elongate yellow or white
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29 and 30: Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
Page 31 and 32: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 33 and 34: of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56: dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60: in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62:
Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64:
SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65 and 66:
Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 67 and 68:
Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70:
Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72:
Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74:
idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76:
Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78:
dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80:
Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82:
10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84:
zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86:
Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87 and 88:
ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 89 and 90:
Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921
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two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
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ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100:
ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
Page 101 and 102:
as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104:
(Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106:
specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108:
Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110:
munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112:
Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114:
399
Page 115 and 116:
Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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