Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
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300<br />
2 - Abdominal blotches absent, lateral line<br />
usually discontinuous; lateral bars 1-3<br />
present as large and oval blotches in juveniles,<br />
transformed to roundish ocellar<br />
blotches in adults (blotch 1 persistently,<br />
blotches 2-3 variably expressed); occipital<br />
bar, bars 1a, 2a, and 4 absent (Orinoco and<br />
Negro river drainages).<br />
...................................................C. orinocensis<br />
- Abdominal blotches present, lateral line<br />
continuous or discontinuous; lateral bars<br />
1-3 present as vertical bars, occasionally<br />
bars 1a and 2a present; occipital bar absent<br />
or present.<br />
........................................................................3<br />
3 - Occipital bar absent or indistinct, bars 1a,<br />
2a present; bar 4 absent; lateral line continuous<br />
or discontinuous.<br />
........................................................................4<br />
- Occipital bar strongly expressed in adults,<br />
bars 1a, 2a absent, bar 4 present or absent,<br />
lateral line discontinuous.<br />
........................................................................5<br />
4 - E1 scales 67-82; dorsal-fin count modally<br />
XV.17; lateral line usually continuous, small<br />
black blotches on dorsum absent (Coastal<br />
Atlantic rivers in Suriname and Guyana;<br />
upper Rio Branco drainage).<br />
........................................................C. ocellaris<br />
- E1 scales 75-84; dorsal-fin count modally<br />
XVI.16; lateral line discontinuous, small<br />
black blotches on dorsum present or absent<br />
(upper Negro and Orinoco river drainages).<br />
..............................................C. nigromaculata<br />
5 - E1 scales 68-79(-87); bar 4 only occasionally<br />
present; anal, caudal and pelvic fins immaculate<br />
except for caudal blotch (Amazon<br />
basin, along Rio Amazonas-Solimões and<br />
in lower parts of tributaries, coastal Atlantic<br />
rivers between the Oyapock and Amazon<br />
rivers).<br />
................................................... C. monoculus<br />
- E1 scales 76-83; bar 4 typically absent; light<br />
spots present on anal and pelvic fins and<br />
lower lobe of caudal fin in adults (Rio Tocantins<br />
drainage).<br />
...........................................................C. kelberi<br />
- E1 scales 84-93; bar 4 typically present; anal<br />
fin immaculate; E1 scales 84-93 (Bolivian<br />
Amazon basin and tributaries of upper Rio<br />
Madeira in Brazil).<br />
......................................................C. pleiozona<br />
6 - Vertical bars 1-3, 1a, 2a present, wide and<br />
prominent; no ocellated blotches on side;<br />
E1 row scales 83-104 (Tocantins and Capim<br />
river drainages).<br />
.......................................................... C. piquiti<br />
- Vertical bars 1a, 2a absent or indistinct and<br />
narrow, ocellated blotches on side present<br />
or absent; E1 scales 72-128.<br />
........................................................................7<br />
7 - E1 scales 77-128; vertical bars 1a, 2a absent;<br />
bars 1-3 relatively wide, prominent in<br />
adults, entire or broken up into blotches.<br />
........................................................................8<br />
- E1 scales 72-108; vertical bars 1a, 2a when<br />
present indistinct and/or narrow; vertical<br />
bars 1-3 moderately wide or narrow, not<br />
subdivided into large blotches; row of ocellated<br />
blotches along middle of side present<br />
or absent in adults.<br />
......................................................................12<br />
8 - E1 scales 98-128; vertical bars 1-3 entire; four<br />
regularly arranged horizontal rows of distinct<br />
light spots along side (Orinoco and<br />
Negro river drainages, blackwater rivers<br />
along the Rio Solimões-Amazonas).<br />
....................................................... C. temensis<br />
- E1 scales 86-115; vertical bars 1-3 in adults<br />
subdivided, each bar represented by 1-3<br />
blotches; light spots on side distinct but<br />
usually not regularly arranged.<br />
........................................................................9<br />
9 - E1 scales 77-90; lateral line usually continuous;<br />
lateral line scales 76-86 in continuous<br />
lines; bars 1 and 2 divided into three ocellated<br />
blotches in adults (Rio Trombetas<br />
upstream of Cachoeira Porteira).<br />
....................................................... C. thyrorus<br />
- E1 scales 86-110; lateral line usually discontinuous;<br />
lateral line scales 84-103 in continuous<br />
lines; bars 1 and 2 divided into two<br />
or three ocellated blotches in adults, or bars<br />
1 and 2 present as ocellated vertical bar.<br />
......................................................................10<br />
10 - E1 scales 100-108; lateral line continuous or<br />
discontinuous; scales absent or very few on<br />
<strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla