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374 M. Ryan. Brazil: Rio Jamari drainage: INPA 3493, 1, 290 mm SL; Rondônia: lake of Rio Verde, 70 km downstream of UHE Samuel; 5 Apr 1986, G. M. dos Santos. Rio Negro drainage: Amazonas: MZUSP 1792, 5; Igarapé Tarumãzinho, affluent no 1; 17-18 Nov 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 6169, 4, 159-345 mm SL; Rio Negro upstream of Manaus; 22-25 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 6213, 1; Igarapé Jaraqui on left bank of Rio Negro upstream Manaus; 22-24 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 92403, 1; vicinity of Manaus; 15-23 Nov 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 26952, 1; Lago Janauacá and vicinity of Manaus; Nov-Dec 1976, Alpha-Helix. – MZUSP 27223, 1; mun. Caracarai, Rio Jufari, Baia Grande, São Bento; 10 Nov 1982, L. Portugal. – MZUSP 27229, 4, 83.0-96.9 mm SL; município Novo Ayrão, extreme north of Reserva Ecologica Anavilhanas; 6 Nov 1982, L. Portugal. – MZUSP 27233, 2; município Ayrão Velho, mouth of Rio Padauari; 8 Oct 1982, L. Portugal. – MZUSP 32703, 1, 158 mm SL; Arquipélago das Anavilhanas, island margin; Sep 1980. M. Goulding. – MZUSP 32704, 1, 168 mm SL; Ilha Tamaquaré, lake; 11 Oct 1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 32705, 1, 178 mm SL; Arquipélago das Anavilhanas, margin of igapó; Aug 1980, M.Goulding. – MZUSP 32706, 2, 189-193 mm SL; Rio Marauiá, Cachoeira de Bicho-açu; 13 Oct 1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 32707, 6 (5 measured, 176-314 mm SL); Rio Arirará near mouth; 8 Oct 1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 32991, 1, 45.5 mm SL; Anavilhanas, capimzal; Feb 1982, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 33136, 2, ca 50- ca 62 mm SL; Arquipélago das Anavilhanas; 21 Sep 1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 33138, 1, 123 mm SL; Barcelos, island lake; 29 Feb 1980, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 92411, 1; Rio Cuieiras and tributaries; Jan 1977, Alpha Helix. – NRM 11308, 1, 228 mm SL; Rio Uaupés at Taracuá; 14 Feb 1924, Svenska Amazonas-Expeditionen 1923-1925. – Rio Uatumã drainage: Amazonas: INPA 3566, 6, 109.3-114.5 mm SL; Amazonas: Lago Samaúma; 7 Feb 1985, Equipe de Ictiologia do INPA. – INPA 3567, 1, 200 mm SL; Amazonas: Lago Samaúma; 3 Aug 1987, S. Amadio et al. – INPA 3568, 1, 157 mm SL; Amazonas: Cachoeira Morena; 7 Oct 1987, E. Ferreira et al. – MZUSP 9558, 7, 114.9-169 mm SL; Amazonas: São Sebastião do Uatumã; 5-8 Sep 1968, EPA. – Rio Amazonas drainage: Amazonas: MZUSP 5815, 1; Silves, Lago Saracá; 17-18 Mar 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 6079, 3, 153-154 mm SL; Rio Preto da Eva near Manaus; 13 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 92406, 2, 190-375 mm SL; Lago Puraquequara at mouth of Rio Puraquequara; 17-19 Apr 1967, EPA. Rio Solimões drainage: Amazonas: MZUSP 50268, 2; Amazonas: Lago Janauacá and vicinity; Sep 1976 - Jan 1977, Alpha-Helix. – NRM 5580, 1, 262 mm SL; Tefé; [1865- 1866, Thayer Expedition.] – NRM 11307, 1, 251 mm SL; small whitewater river near Manaus; 25 Nov 1923, Svenska Amazonas-Expeditionen 1923-1925. Diagnosis. Large, elongate species with small scales (E1 row scales 98-128, usually more than 110, vs. usually less than 110 in other species of Cichla). Postorbital band present, entire, may be irregular but does not consist of scattered spots, vs. absent or present as scattered spots in other species of Cichla. Lateral line usually continuous. Most similar to C. pinima and C. vazzoleri, sharing subadult to young adult colour pattern including dark midlateral band and four rows of regularly arranged light spots along side, but light spots slightly elongate instead of round. Different from C. pinima and C. vazzoleri in absence of dark lateral blotches with intensified light margins; vertical bars when expressed entire, never forming round blotches; ocellated blotches on dorsal side absent at all sizes; postorbital band entire vs. expressed as scattered dark blotches; dark blotch associated with preopercle absent (present in C. vazzoleri); lateral line nearly always continuous vs. usually discontinuous in C. vazzoleri. Description. Refer to Figs. 81-89 for general shape and colour pattern, Table 25 for morphometrics, and Tables 4-10 for meristics. Elongate (depth 24.5-27.3 % SL, N = 11, 202- 375 mm SL). Frontal contour slightly curved or straight ascending, levelling slightly in advance of dorsal fin origin; nuchal protuberance absent in preserved specimens examined. Maxilla reaching to anterior about | of orbit. Lower jaw prognathous, articulation below about posterior ƒ of orbit. Lateral line usually continuous (N = 42), rarely bilaterally (N = 3) or unilaterally (N = 8) discontinuous, anterior and posterior sequences overlapping beneath anterior half of soft dorsal fin. Dorsal-fin spine 4 longest; soft dorsal fin rounded, reaching to about middle of caudal peduncle. Soft anal fin rounded, reaching to about middle of caudal peduncle. Caudal-fin margin truncate. Pectoral fin pointed, fifth ray longest, reaching to middle or posterior base of anal fin. Pelvic fin pointed or subacuminate, first ray forming tip, reaching almost halfway to base of first anal-fin ray. Soft dorsal fin squamation consisting of 2 rows of scales basally between rays and a few scales between branches of longer rays. Anal fin densely scaled basally with 4 interradial scale rows, but no scales between between branches. Caudal fin densely scaled, except narrowly along posterior margin, and middle of membranes between rays D2 and V2. Pelvic fin densely scaled on both side basally and along first ray on lateral side. Pectoral fin scaled basally. Small specimens elongate (21.3-23.8 % SL, N = 7, 45.0-122.7 mm SL); fins naked except base Kullander & Ferreira: Review of Cichla
Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921, 25.6 mm SL; Venezuela: Bolívar: Guri Reservoir. Fig. 82. Cichla temensis, MZUSP 32991, 45.5 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Anavilhanas. Fig. 83. Cichla temensis, NRM 22919, 71.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Bolívar: Guri Reservoir (right side, reversed). Fig. 84. Cichla temensis, MZUSP 33138, 122.7 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Barcelos. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4 375
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Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
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Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol.
Page 5 and 6:
that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
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except in C. intermedia. Occipital
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Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
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Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -
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Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
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soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
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Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
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10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
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uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
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Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
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confluent elongate yellow or white
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Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29 and 30:
Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
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10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
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of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 35 and 36:
Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56: dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60: in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64: SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70: Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74: idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78: dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84: zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86: Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87: ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 91 and 92: two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94: Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
Page 95 and 96: ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100: ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
Page 101 and 102: as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104: (Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106: specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108: Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110: munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112: Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114: 399
Page 115 and 116: Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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