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352 horizontal band absent, but slightly darker where ocelli formed in larger specimens. No ocellar markings on body. Five or six irregular rows of whitish spots along side extending caudad onto caudal peduncle; some white spots may also be present on gill cover. Dark stripe from snout to orbit; between orbit and posterior tip of opercle indistinct, irregular dark stripe. Caudal ocellus with black nuclear blotch and two separate light semicircular blotches anteriorly and posteriorly. Dorsal fin dark; spinous dorsal fin with two or three light spots on each interradial membrane; soft dorsal fin with four or five rows of light spots. Caudal fin with four to six transverse rows of yellow spots dorsally, extending onto ventral lobe. Female, 240 mm SL (Fig. 57) with completely ocellated caudal spot, and spots absent from ventral lobe of caudal fin. Middle ocellus of bar 2 indicated. Large whitish spots present on cheek and gill cover. Adult male, 355 mm SL (Fig. 58), with nape and forehead dark grey. Head and side light grey, belly and chest yellowish white. Lower part of head and branchiostegal membrane duskied with grey. Markings on head including row of black white-margined spots from eye to opercular tip and scattered spots on cheek and gill cover. Vertical bars absent, instead three vertical rows of irregular ocelli: (1) below dorsal spines 4 and 5, one blotch halfway between dorsal fin and upper lateral line, partly dissolved into four small spots, another blotch below lateral line and third blotch behind and below pectoral axilla; (2) below last two dorsal spines blotch consisting of four small spots, another blotch below lateral line integer, third blotch at level of pectoral fin, faint and vertically narrow; (3) both blotches situated above lateral line, upper close to dorsal fin, near end of soft dorsal fin, consisting of three small spots, lower blotch just above lower lateral line level and integer. Soft dorsal fin brownish with scattered yellowish spots; spinous dorsal fin dark, but pattern damaged. Anal fin greyish brown. Pelvic fin dirty greyish, lighter inwardly. Caudal fin greyish brown, dorsal lobe with many small yellowish spots. Caudal ocellus black, round, ringed with silver, different shape dextrally and sinistrally. In other large males (Fig. 59) small white spots in about 5 irregular rows on the side present or absent, when present larger and more distinct around ocellar blotches. Dark blotches or groups of blotches on back may be indistinct, and blotches in median series dominant. Yellow spots in soft dorsal and caudal fins increase in number with body size. Number and shape of dark spots on cheek and gill cover variable. Large female, 310 mm SL, similar to large males but with much lighter, indistinct ocellar blotches, dark spots absent from head, but numerous white spots present in about five horizontal rows along side. Live colouration. No information available. Geographical distribution. Rio Trombetas near Cachoeira Porteira, only upstream of the falls (Fig. 9). Table 21. Morphometry of Cichla thyrorus. Measurements are in percent of SL, except SL (in mm). Linear regression parameters calculated from original measurements in mm. HT, holotype (INPA 3503). N min max mean SD HT a b r SL (mm) 16 183.0 405.0 286.6 355.0 Head length 16 31.2 34.0 32.4 0.74 32.1 –5.901 0.346 0.998 Snout length 16 10.8 14.4 12.5 0.90 12.5 –7.589 0.153 0.990 Head depth 16 21.0 25.2 22.8 1.24 23.1 –10.779 0.268 0.996 Body depth 16 25.5 31.7 29.3 2.11 31.6 –16.966 0.356 0.993 Orbit diameter 16 6.1 7.9 7.2 0.44 6.9 3.939 0.057 0.979 Interorbital width 16 7.6 8.9 8.2 0.44 8.9 –3.845 0.096 0.993 Pectoral fin length 16 20.5 25.1 22.7 1.42 24.5 –10.315 0.265 0.988 Upper jaw length 16 13.9 16.6 15.1 0.80 15.1 –7.829 0.181 0.997 Lower jaw length 16 17.7 19.8 18.5 0.62 18.3 –5.120 0.204 0.996 Caudal peduncle depth 16 10.8 12.3 11.4 0.39 11.7 –0.863 0.117 0.991 Caudal peduncle length 16 15.3 18.4 17.0 0.97 16.0 4.406 0.153 0.977 Dorsal spine length 16 10.9 13.3 12.2 0.60 11.7 3.700 0.108 0.982 <strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla
Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype, INPA 3588, young female, 240 mm SL; Brazil: Pará: Rio Mapuera: Cachoeira da Égua. Fig. 58. Cichla thyrorus, holotype, INPA 3503, adult male, 355 mm SL; Brazil: Pará: Rio Trombetas drainage: Igarapé Caxipacoré. Fig. 59. Cichla thyrorus, paratype, NRM 13503, adult male, 365 mm SL; Brazil: Pará: Rio Trombetas drainage: Igarapé Caxipacoré. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4 353
Page 1 and 2:
Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
Page 3 and 4:
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol.
Page 5 and 6:
that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
Page 7 and 8:
except in C. intermedia. Occipital
Page 9 and 10:
Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
Page 11 and 12:
Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -
Page 13 and 14:
Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
Page 15 and 16: soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
Page 19 and 20: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 21 and 22: uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
Page 25 and 26: confluent elongate yellow or white
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29 and 30: Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
Page 31 and 32: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 33 and 34: of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56: dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60: in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64: SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65: Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70: Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74: idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78: dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84: zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86: Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87 and 88: ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 89 and 90: Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921
Page 91 and 92: two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94: Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
Page 95 and 96: ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100: ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
Page 101 and 102: as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104: (Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106: specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108: Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110: munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112: Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114: 399
Page 115 and 116: Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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