Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander

350
Cichla thyrorus, new species
(Figs. 55-59)
Holotype. INPA 3503, 1, 355 mm SL; Brazil: Pará:
Igarapé Caxipacoré; 16 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira &
L. R. Py-Daniel.
Paratypes. 27 specimens, 67.2, 183-430 mm SL.
Brazil: Pará: Rio Trombetas drainage: INPA 2144,
1, 430 mm SL; Rio Cachorro; 19 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira.
– INPA 2145, 1, 430 mm SL; Igarapé Caxipacoré;
15 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira. – INPA 3060, 1,
207 mm SL; upstream of Cachoeira Porteira; 25
Nov 1987, E. Ferreira. – INPA 3061, 2, 198-207 mm
SL; downstream of Cachoeira Vira-Mundo; 25
Nov 1987, E. Ferreira. – INPA 3063, 2, 240-248 mm
SL; Rio Cachorro; 2 Dec 1988, E. Ferreira. – INPA
3499, 1, 67.2 mm SL; Rio Trombetas above Cachoeira
Porteira; 15 Apr 1985, E. Ferreira. – INPA
3500, 2, 183-193 mm SL; Igarapé Caxipacoré; 21
Apr 1985, E. Ferreira & M. Jégu. – INPA 3587, 1,
282 mm SL; Rio Trombetas upstream of Cachoeira
Porteira; 23 May 1986, E. Ferreira & G. M.
Santos. – INPA 3588, 2, 240-295 mm SL; Rio
Mapuera, Cachoeira da Égua; 17-19 May 1986, E.
Ferreira & G. M. Santos. – INPA 3590, 2, 220-
225 mm SL; Igarapé Caxipacoré; 17 Oct 1985, E.
Ferreira & L. R. Py-Daniel. – INPA 3591, 2, 213-216
mm SL; Rio Cachorro; 18 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira &
L. R. Py-Daniel. – INPA 3593, 1, 405 mm SL; Igarapé
Caxipacoré; 15 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira & L. R.
Py-Daniel. – INPA 3594, 1, 420 mm SL; downstream
of Cachoeira Vira-Mundo; 7 Oct 1985, E.
Ferreira. – INPA 24072, 1, 375 mm SL, INPA 24075,
2, 380-395 mm SL, INPA 24078, 3, ca 305-355 mm SL;
Igarapé Caxipacoré; 21 Apr 1985, E. Ferreira &
M. Jégu. – INPA 24076, 1, 353 mm SL; downstream
of Cachoeira Quebra-Pote; 9 Oct 1986, E. Ferreira
& L. R. Py-Daniel. – NRM 13503, 1, 365 mm SL;
Igarapé Caxipacoré; 16 Oct 1985, E. Ferreira & L.
R. Py-Daniel.
Diagnosis. Most similar to C. jariina, C. pinima,
C. temensis, and C. vazzoleri in presence of rows
of distinct light spots along the side, and presence
of large ocellated blotches replacing vertical bars
in adults. Scales in E1 row 77-90 (vs. 95-114 in
C. vazzoleri, 100-108 in C. jariina, 98-128 in C. temensis,
and 96-108 C. intermedia). Lateral line usually
continuous (vs. discontinuous in C. melaniae,
and C. mirianae, usually discontinuous in C. pinima,
C. piquiti, and C. vazzoleri).
Vertical bars 1-3 complete in subadults, expressed
as vertical row of ocellated blotches in
adults (three in bars 1 and 2, two in bar 3, latter
including small blotch close to dorsal fin base (vs.
typically vertical bars represented by ocellated
blotch close to dorsal fin, and vertical ocellated
marking extending ventrally from middle of side
in C. vazzoleri, and dorsal blotches in bars 1 and
2 typically absent from C. pinima). Dark blotch on
anterodorsal process of subopercle usually present
in large adults, shared with C. jariina and C. vazzoleri,
vs. absent from C. pinima and C. temensis.
Description. Refer to Figs. 55-59 for general shape
and colour pattern, Table 21 for morphometrics,
and Tables 2-10 for meristics.
Moderately elongate, (body depth 27.3-31.7 %
SL, N = 14, 230-405 mm SL). Predorsal contour
smoothly curved; minor nuchal elevation present
in four males 353-395 mm SL. Maxillary tip below
anterior margin of orbit or middle of orbit, usually
below anterior |-{. Lower jaw slightly
prognathous, lower jaw articulation below posterior
margin of orbit. Lateral line usually bilaterally
continuous, never bilaterally discontinuous;
discontinuous or subcontinuous on one side in
seven of 17 specimens.
Dorsal fin spines 4-6 longest; soft dorsal and
anal fins rounded, reaching to procurrent rays of
caudal fin or slightly shorter. Caudal fin truncate
or subtruncate, upper corner angled, lower corner
rounded. Pectoral fin extending halway to †
distance to vertical from anal fin origin. Pelvic fin
acuminate, first and second rays contributing to
tip, extending almost as far as pectoral fin.
Dorsal fin scales present from behind first soft
ray; thick basal scale layer, on each interradial
membrane a few cycloid scales in single row close
to ray slightly distal to base and between major
ray branches, five last interradial membranes
naked. Anal fin densely scaled especially anteriorly,
last three membranes naked. Caudal fin
densely scaled. Scales usually absent from pectoral
fin (present in three of 15). Pelvic fin inside
densely scaled along margin, on outside distally
on two outer membranes.
Single small specimen available (67.2 mm SL,
Fig. 55) elongate; caudal fin emarginate; anal fin
scaled basally, caudal fin scaled to beyond middle;
lateral line bilaterally continuous; pectoral fin
extending halfway to end of anal fin base, pelvic
fin halfway to anal fin origin.
Kullander & Ferreira: Review of Cichla