Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander

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horizontal band absent, but slightly darker where
ocelli formed in larger specimens. No ocellar
markings on body. Five or six irregular rows of
whitish spots along side extending caudad onto
caudal peduncle; some white spots may also be
present on gill cover. Dark stripe from snout to
orbit; between orbit and posterior tip of opercle
indistinct, irregular dark stripe. Caudal ocellus
with black nuclear blotch and two separate light
semicircular blotches anteriorly and posteriorly.
Dorsal fin dark; spinous dorsal fin with two or
three light spots on each interradial membrane;
soft dorsal fin with four or five rows of light spots.
Caudal fin with four to six transverse rows of
yellow spots dorsally, extending onto ventral
lobe.
Female, 240 mm SL (Fig. 57) with completely
ocellated caudal spot, and spots absent from
ventral lobe of caudal fin. Middle ocellus of bar
2 indicated. Large whitish spots present on cheek
and gill cover.
Adult male, 355 mm SL (Fig. 58), with nape
and forehead dark grey. Head and side light grey,
belly and chest yellowish white. Lower part of
head and branchiostegal membrane duskied with
grey. Markings on head including row of black
white-margined spots from eye to opercular tip
and scattered spots on cheek and gill cover. Vertical
bars absent, instead three vertical rows of
irregular ocelli: (1) below dorsal spines 4 and 5,
one blotch halfway between dorsal fin and upper
lateral line, partly dissolved into four small spots,
another blotch below lateral line and third blotch
behind and below pectoral axilla; (2) below last
two dorsal spines blotch consisting of four small
spots, another blotch below lateral line integer,
third blotch at level of pectoral fin, faint and
vertically narrow; (3) both blotches situated
above lateral line, upper close to dorsal fin, near
end of soft dorsal fin, consisting of three small
spots, lower blotch just above lower lateral line
level and integer. Soft dorsal fin brownish with
scattered yellowish spots; spinous dorsal fin dark,
but pattern damaged. Anal fin greyish brown.
Pelvic fin dirty greyish, lighter inwardly. Caudal
fin greyish brown, dorsal lobe with many small
yellowish spots. Caudal ocellus black, round,
ringed with silver, different shape dextrally and
sinistrally.
In other large males (Fig. 59) small white spots
in about 5 irregular rows on the side present or
absent, when present larger and more distinct
around ocellar blotches. Dark blotches or groups
of blotches on back may be indistinct, and blotches
in median series dominant. Yellow spots in soft
dorsal and caudal fins increase in number with
body size. Number and shape of dark spots on
cheek and gill cover variable.
Large female, 310 mm SL, similar to large
males but with much lighter, indistinct ocellar
blotches, dark spots absent from head, but numerous
white spots present in about five horizontal
rows along side.
Live colouration. No information available.
Geographical distribution. Rio Trombetas near
Cachoeira Porteira, only upstream of the falls
(Fig. 9).
Table 21. Morphometry of Cichla thyrorus. Measurements are in percent of SL, except SL (in mm). Linear regression
parameters calculated from original measurements in mm. HT, holotype (INPA 3503).
N min max mean SD HT a b r
SL (mm) 16 183.0 405.0 286.6 355.0
Head length 16 31.2 34.0 32.4 0.74 32.1 –5.901 0.346 0.998
Snout length 16 10.8 14.4 12.5 0.90 12.5 –7.589 0.153 0.990
Head depth 16 21.0 25.2 22.8 1.24 23.1 –10.779 0.268 0.996
Body depth 16 25.5 31.7 29.3 2.11 31.6 –16.966 0.356 0.993
Orbit diameter 16 6.1 7.9 7.2 0.44 6.9 3.939 0.057 0.979
Interorbital width 16 7.6 8.9 8.2 0.44 8.9 –3.845 0.096 0.993
Pectoral fin length 16 20.5 25.1 22.7 1.42 24.5 –10.315 0.265 0.988
Upper jaw length 16 13.9 16.6 15.1 0.80 15.1 –7.829 0.181 0.997
Lower jaw length 16 17.7 19.8 18.5 0.62 18.3 –5.120 0.204 0.996
Caudal peduncle depth 16 10.8 12.3 11.4 0.39 11.7 –0.863 0.117 0.991
Caudal peduncle length 16 15.3 18.4 17.0 0.97 16.0 4.406 0.153 0.977
Dorsal spine length 16 10.9 13.3 12.2 0.60 11.7 3.700 0.108 0.982
Kullander & Ferreira: Review of Cichla