Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander

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Colouration in preservative. At ca 30-40 mm SL
whitish with conspicuous black lateral band from
snout to end of caudal fin including intensified
portions above pectoral fin base, above tip of
pectoral fin, and below soft dorsal fin. Caudal
spot contained within lateral band, horizontally
extended, to about middle of caudal fin, posteriorly
less intense dark pigmentation.
Specimens 60-70 mm SL yellowish whitish
with greyish back. Lateral band distinct, dark
grey to black, extending from eye to end of caudal
fin, caudal spot still contained within band and
elongate; preorbital stripe faint. Three faint vertical
bars across middle of side in position of band
intensifications seen in smaller specimens. No
light spots on body or fins. Dark stripe across
middle of soft dorsal fin.
Specimen 126 mm SL (Fig. 76) with back
darker. Lateral band deep black, with contiguous
white spots bordering above and below. White
spots appear in dorsal and caudal fins. Specimen
138 mm SL from same locality has lateral band
indistinct, and is similar to specimens 160-190 mm
(below) except for absence of spots on head.
Specimens 160-190 mm SL (Fig. 77) with brownish
or greyish side, darker dorsally. Vertical bars
and lateral band about equally intense, extending
from dorsum at or slightly below dorsal fin base,
to white ventral area. Postorbital stripe inconspicuous,
not subdivided into blotches. Conspicuous
yellowish or whitish, round or very
slightly elongate spots in row along each margin
of lateral band, one row on abdominal side between
bars 1 and 3, and along dorsal side. Light
spots also on side of head (above eye and on
cheek) with only narrow brownish interspaces,
but not as contrasted as flank spots. Dorsal fin
with three rows of light spots; dorsal half of
caudal fin with vertical rows of light spots. Caudal
blotch black, round, distinct from lateral band,
with light posterior margin or partly ocellated
with light areas both anteriorly and posteriorly.
Adults of both sexes 260-410 mm SL (Figs.
79-90) may show ocellated pattern as in holotype
(Fig. 79) regarded as breeding colour. Other adults
up to 330 mm SL (Fig. 80, and of both sexes, may
show colour pattern more similar similar to 160-
190 mm SL specimens, with brownish back and
side.
Breeding colour pattern identical in both
sexes. Side grey, darker on top of head and snout,
close along dorsal fin base and on top of caudal
peduncle; underside whitish or yellowish white.
Seemingly scattered black, white margined spots
behind eye and on gill cover; one blotch on cheek
between eye and preopercle, one blotch or a group
of up to five blotches dorsally on opercle, one or
two blotches posterodorsally on subopercle, one
blotch at anterodorsal process of subopercle, often
also a spot at border cheek/preopercle at same
vertical level as lower subopercular blotch. One
or more of dark head spots occasionally missing.
Vertical bars deep black, modified into separate
blotches or bars: Bar 1 represented by small
black, usually ocellated spot above upper lateral
line, deep black, white margined blotch between
upper lateral line and level of pectoral fin base,
continued narrower down to white underside or
pigmentation under pectoral fin forming separate
Table 24. Morphometry of Cichla vazzoleri. Measurements are in percent of SL, except SL (in mm). Linear regression
parameters calculated from original measurements in mm. HT, holotype (INPA 3501).
N min max mean SD HT a b r
SL (mm) 27 125.5 410.0 257.8 295.0
Head length 27 28.6 33.7 31.7 1.12 31.7 –4.5843 0.336 0.996
Snout length 27 10.1 13.0 11.9 0.86 11.9 –4.9827 0.1397 0.989
Head depth 27 18.9 25.2 21.7 1.44 23.2 –6.9401 0.2465 0.986
Body depth 27 23.6 29.3 26.5 1.36 27.5 –4.9939 0.2861 0.991
Orbit diameter 27 6.6 8.5 7.3 0.53 6.9 2.9929 0.0608 0.977
Interorbital width 27 6.9 8.6 7.6 0.50 7.8 –2.1675 0.0856 0.982
Pectoral fin length 27 20.2 23.8 22.2 0.91 21.8 –4.3556 0.2402 0.995
Upper jaw length 27 13.0 16.1 14.6 0.81 14.9 –4.7685 0.166 0.992
Lower jaw length 27 16.9 19.9 18.2 0.75 18.6 –4.0364 0.1994 0.994
Caudal peduncle depth 27 9.6 11.5 10.5 0.57 10.2 0.7738 0.1013 0.979
Caudal peduncle length 27 16.7 20.2 18.5 0.94 18.9 3.5716 0.1704 0.983
Dorsal spine length 27 10.4 12.8 11.6 0.62 12.2 2.4533 0.1055 0.984
Kullander & Ferreira: Review of Cichla