Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander
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326<br />
to posterior margin of caudal fin.<br />
Young male, and young unsexed specimens,<br />
150-195 mm SL (Fig. 31), overall brownish with<br />
dark brown markings. Extrascapular marking<br />
distinct, consisting of dark proximal and distal<br />
blotches. Three dark vertical bars on side (bars<br />
1-3), dorsally slightly separated from dorsal fin<br />
base, becoming gradually narrower ventrally,<br />
extending for } of side. Dark spot on many scales<br />
on back form short irregular rows of spots in<br />
larger specimens; in 150 mm SL specimen entire<br />
dorsum to level of upper lateral line, including<br />
caudal peduncle marbled with dark brown spots<br />
and lighter ground colour. Vertical bar on caudal<br />
peduncle absent. Small dark spots scattered on<br />
side only in 189 mm SL specimen; two larger<br />
specimens with irregular dark, light-margined<br />
spots behind pectoral fin base caudad to bar 3.<br />
Dorsal fin spinous portion dark, soft part with<br />
more or less distinct light spots distally. Anal fin<br />
with 3-4 rows of light spots distally; obsolete in<br />
150 mm SL specimen. Up to five vertical rows of<br />
hyaline spots present posterodorsally on caudal<br />
fin. Caudal blotch round or slightly irregular,<br />
with complete or nearly complete light margin.<br />
Pelvic fin with a few light spots in 195 mm SL<br />
specimen.<br />
In adult female 246 mm SL (NRM 18023)<br />
dorsum and dorsal margin of caudal peduncle<br />
dark greyish brown, nape and snout grey. Side<br />
light brown, abdomen, chest and ventral aspect<br />
of caudal peduncle yellowish white. Side of head<br />
brown, light or dark spots absent. Black spot<br />
marking region of proximal extrascapular. Four<br />
black vertical bars (bars 1-4); anterior below anterior<br />
half of spinous dorsal fin, second below<br />
posterior third of spinous dorsal fin, third below<br />
soft dorsal fin, fourth anteriorly on caudal peduncle.<br />
Bars wider dorsally, but about uniform in<br />
width across side; bars 1-2 extend to level of<br />
lower pectoral fin base, bar 3 slightly shorter,<br />
bar 4 to little below lower lateral line.<br />
Small black spot on medial side of pectoral<br />
fin base and on adjacent side. Side, but not dorsum,<br />
with numerous scattered, partly confluent,<br />
small brownish spots; posterior to bar 2, including<br />
caudal peduncle, also many scattered small silvery<br />
spots. Spinous portion of dorsal fin black.<br />
Soft dorsal fin brown, light spots cannot be traced.<br />
Anal fin brown, soft portion distally grey with<br />
successively more obvious light spots distally on<br />
soft portion, three cross rows of hyaline spots<br />
distally on soft portion. Caudal blotch black,<br />
round, with almost complete silvery ring with<br />
short interruption dorsally and ventrally. Caudal<br />
fin brown, paler ventrally, and with indistinct<br />
pattern of alternating dark and light vertical bars<br />
posteriorly on dorsal lobe. Pelvic fin laterally<br />
brown with about four cross rows of white spots<br />
and lighter margin; medial side grey with some<br />
light spots visible from opposite side.<br />
Large males (Fig. 32) light brown, caudal<br />
peduncle, abdomen and head ventrally whitish.<br />
Snout and occiput dark brown. Postorbital dark<br />
markings absent. Black occipital bar extending<br />
from above gill cover obliquely anteriad across<br />
nape. Dark brown vertical bars 1-2 below spinous<br />
dorsal fin ventrally to about level of pectoral fin<br />
base, bar 3 below anterior half of soft dorsal fin<br />
ventrally to slightly below lower lateral line. Dark<br />
brown blotch anterior to pectoral fin base. Several<br />
dark irregular blotches on abdominal side<br />
under adpressed pectoral fin. Scattered small dark<br />
spots between bars 1 and 2, and dorsally between<br />
bars 2 and 3. Dorsal surface of caudal peduncle<br />
dark brown. Spinous dorsal fin black, soft part<br />
brown with indistinct light spots on three posterior<br />
interradial membranes. Anal fin greyish<br />
brown with indistinct light spots on five posterior<br />
interradial membranes. Caudal fin brownish<br />
basally, otherwise greyish. Caudal blotch black,<br />
ringed with silvery or light spots. Pelvic fin greyish<br />
brown, lighter posteriorly. In 276 mm SL<br />
specimen (holotype, Fig. 32), anal fin with silvery<br />
white spots on inner ‚ of scaled portion, and all<br />
of naked posterior membranes; lower lobe of<br />
caudal fin with about six irregular vertical rows<br />
of silvery white spots; lateral aspect of pelvic fin<br />
with silvery white spots on two anterior membranes<br />
and long stripes of same colour on posterior<br />
membranes. MZUSP 38410 specimens generally<br />
not well preserved, and details of the pigment<br />
pattern on fins cannot be unambiguously determined.<br />
Live colouration. Photographs show breeding<br />
males with yellow or golden side, greenish head<br />
without black spot, white chest, abdomen and<br />
ventral aspect of caudal fin base, but side duskied<br />
close to anal fin base. Vertical bars black. Yellow<br />
colour of side interspersed with numerous small<br />
black spots dorsally. Spinous dorsal fin black,<br />
with only few light spots. Soft dorsal fin, anal fin,<br />
and lateral aspect of pelvic fin grey to blackish<br />
with scattered contrasting white or yellow spots.<br />
Caudal fin ocellus with white to yellow ring.<br />
<strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla