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316 Fig. 21. Cichla nigromaculata, MCNG 12264, 171 mm SL; Venezuela: Rio Siapa. Fig. 22. Cichla nigromaculata, MCNG 27874, adult female, 230 mm SL; Venezuela: Rio Mavaca. Soft dorsal fin densely scaled basally and anteriorly to near distal margin, but scales absent from last four interradial membranes; two or three scale rows posterior to each ray, reduced to one row posteriorly, a few scales between major branches of anterior rays. Anal fin densely scaled basally, anteriorly also to near distal margin. Caudal fin densely scaled, covering almost all of fin except posterior margin and middle interradial membrane. Pelvic fin scaled anteriorly on lateral side, basally and on anterior rays also distally on medial side. Pectoral fin scaled basally. Specimens 171-173 mm (Fig. 21) slightly more elongate. Fin squamation less extensive and scales absent from pectoral-fin base. Dorsal-fin spines 3-4 the longest. Caudal fin subtruncate. Colouration in preservative. Adult female 230 mm (Fig. 22) discoloured, overall brownish from preservative and right side with several deep incisions to some extent obscuring colour pattern. Pattern of dark markings slightly different on each side of specimen. Distinct dark brown spot anterodorsally on opercle on right side only. Occipital bar present but indistinct due to damage from net. No other markings on head. On side three vertical brown bars from close to dorsal-fin base, gradually narrower down the side, bar 1 from below anterior half of dorsal fin to level of lower lateral line, bar 2 below posterior | of dorsal fin, to level of pectoral-fin base, bar 3 below soft anal fin, extending little ventral to lower lateral line. Bars 1a and 2a obsolete and much narrower than bars 1, 2, and 3; bar 1a not evident of left side. On left side, a black irregularly shaped <strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla
10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Cichla nigromaculata monoculus kelberi pleiozona -80° -70° -70° -60° -60° blotch in bar 3 above upper lateral line, on right side some smaller black spots in the same area but no major blotch. Dorsal side with scattered irregular brown or black spots most prominent in bars 1a and 2a. Several larger black spots on middle of side between bars 1-2 and 2-3. Brown, more indistinct spots between pectoral-fin base and bar 2. Dorsal-fin spinous portion black; soft portion brownish with two lighter cross bands distally. Anal fin brownish, lighter posteriorly. Pelvic fin brownish-greyish. Caudal fin light brownish with no markings other than black, almost round blotch ventrally at base of upper lobe, with complete light margin. -50° -50° -40° -40° 500 km Fig. 23. Collecting localities of Cichla kelberi (including translocations), C. monoculus, C. nigromaculata, and C. pleiozona. A symbol may cover more than one collecting site. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4 317 Specimens 171-173 mm (Fig. 21) overall lighter, probably slightly faded. Bars 1a and 2a distinct, widest dorsally, tapering to a point ventrally, similar to bars 1-3. Dorsal roundish blotch marking upper end of bar 3 distinct. Diffuse dark pigmentation in extrascapular area, but no distinct occipital bar. Dark brown spots on back restricted to two or three spots in bar 2a dorsally. Brownish spots between pectoral-fin base and bar 3 indistinct, in 173 mm specimen only one spot below bar 1 and one spot terminating bar 3. Live colouration. No information available. 10° 0° -10° -20° -30°
Page 1 and 2: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
Page 3 and 4: Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol.
Page 5 and 6: that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
Page 7 and 8: except in C. intermedia. Occipital
Page 9 and 10: Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
Page 11 and 12: Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -
Page 13 and 14: Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
Page 15 and 16: soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
Page 19 and 20: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 21 and 22: uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
Page 25 and 26: confluent elongate yellow or white
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29: Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
Page 33 and 34: of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56: dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60: in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64: SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70: Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74: idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78: dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82:
10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84:
zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86:
Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87 and 88:
ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 89 and 90:
Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921
Page 91 and 92:
two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
Page 95 and 96:
ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100:
ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
Page 101 and 102:
as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104:
(Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106:
specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108:
Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110:
munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112:
Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114:
399
Page 115 and 116:
Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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