Open Access PDF - Sven Kullander

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M. Ryan. Brazil: Rio Jamari drainage: INPA 3493, 1,
290 mm SL; Rondônia: lake of Rio Verde, 70 km downstream
of UHE Samuel; 5 Apr 1986, G. M. dos Santos.
Rio Negro drainage: Amazonas: MZUSP 1792, 5; Igarapé
Tarumãzinho, affluent no 1; 17-18 Nov 1967, EPA.
– MZUSP 6169, 4, 159-345 mm SL; Rio Negro upstream
of Manaus; 22-25 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 6213, 1;
Igarapé Jaraqui on left bank of Rio Negro upstream
Manaus; 22-24 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 92403, 1; vicinity
of Manaus; 15-23 Nov 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 26952,
1; Lago Janauacá and vicinity of Manaus; Nov-Dec 1976,
Alpha-Helix. – MZUSP 27223, 1; mun. Caracarai, Rio
Jufari, Baia Grande, São Bento; 10 Nov 1982, L. Portugal.
– MZUSP 27229, 4, 83.0-96.9 mm SL; município Novo
Ayrão, extreme north of Reserva Ecologica Anavilhanas;
6 Nov 1982, L. Portugal. – MZUSP 27233, 2; município
Ayrão Velho, mouth of Rio Padauari; 8 Oct 1982, L.
Portugal. – MZUSP 32703, 1, 158 mm SL; Arquipélago
das Anavilhanas, island margin; Sep 1980. M. Goulding.
– MZUSP 32704, 1, 168 mm SL; Ilha Tamaquaré, lake;
11 Oct 1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 32705, 1, 178 mm
SL; Arquipélago das Anavilhanas, margin of igapó; Aug
1980, M.Goulding. – MZUSP 32706, 2, 189-193 mm SL;
Rio Marauiá, Cachoeira de Bicho-açu; 13 Oct 1979, M.
Goulding. – MZUSP 32707, 6 (5 measured, 176-314 mm
SL); Rio Arirará near mouth; 8 Oct 1979, M. Goulding.
– MZUSP 32991, 1, 45.5 mm SL; Anavilhanas, capimzal;
Feb 1982, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 33136, 2, ca 50-
ca 62 mm SL; Arquipélago das Anavilhanas; 21 Sep
1979, M. Goulding. – MZUSP 33138, 1, 123 mm SL;
Barcelos, island lake; 29 Feb 1980, M. Goulding. – MZUSP
92411, 1; Rio Cuieiras and tributaries; Jan 1977, Alpha
Helix. – NRM 11308, 1, 228 mm SL; Rio Uaupés at Taracuá;
14 Feb 1924, Svenska Amazonas-Expeditionen
1923-1925. – Rio Uatumã drainage: Amazonas: INPA
3566, 6, 109.3-114.5 mm SL; Amazonas: Lago Samaúma;
7 Feb 1985, Equipe de Ictiologia do INPA. – INPA 3567,
1, 200 mm SL; Amazonas: Lago Samaúma; 3 Aug 1987,
S. Amadio et al. – INPA 3568, 1, 157 mm SL; Amazonas:
Cachoeira Morena; 7 Oct 1987, E. Ferreira et al. – MZUSP
9558, 7, 114.9-169 mm SL; Amazonas: São Sebastião do
Uatumã; 5-8 Sep 1968, EPA. – Rio Amazonas drainage:
Amazonas: MZUSP 5815, 1; Silves, Lago Saracá; 17-18
Mar 1967, EPA. – MZUSP 6079, 3, 153-154 mm SL; Rio
Preto da Eva near Manaus; 13 Apr 1967, EPA. – MZUSP
92406, 2, 190-375 mm SL; Lago Puraquequara at mouth
of Rio Puraquequara; 17-19 Apr 1967, EPA. Rio Solimões
drainage: Amazonas: MZUSP 50268, 2; Amazonas:
Lago Janauacá and vicinity; Sep 1976 - Jan 1977,
Alpha-Helix. – NRM 5580, 1, 262 mm SL; Tefé; [1865-
1866, Thayer Expedition.] – NRM 11307, 1, 251 mm SL;
small whitewater river near Manaus; 25 Nov 1923,
Svenska Amazonas-Expeditionen 1923-1925.
Diagnosis. Large, elongate species with small
scales (E1 row scales 98-128, usually more than
110, vs. usually less than 110 in other species of
Cichla). Postorbital band present, entire, may be
irregular but does not consist of scattered spots,
vs. absent or present as scattered spots in other
species of Cichla. Lateral line usually continuous.
Most similar to C. pinima and C. vazzoleri, sharing
subadult to young adult colour pattern including
dark midlateral band and four rows of regularly
arranged light spots along side, but light spots
slightly elongate instead of round. Different from
C. pinima and C. vazzoleri in absence of dark lateral
blotches with intensified light margins;
vertical bars when expressed entire, never forming
round blotches; ocellated blotches on dorsal
side absent at all sizes; postorbital band entire vs.
expressed as scattered dark blotches; dark blotch
associated with preopercle absent (present in
C. vazzoleri); lateral line nearly always continuous
vs. usually discontinuous in C. vazzoleri.
Description. Refer to Figs. 81-89 for general shape
and colour pattern, Table 25 for morphometrics,
and Tables 4-10 for meristics.
Elongate (depth 24.5-27.3 % SL, N = 11, 202-
375 mm SL). Frontal contour slightly curved or
straight ascending, levelling slightly in advance
of dorsal fin origin; nuchal protuberance absent
in preserved specimens examined. Maxilla reaching
to anterior about | of orbit. Lower jaw prognathous,
articulation below about posterior ƒ of
orbit. Lateral line usually continuous (N = 42),
rarely bilaterally (N = 3) or unilaterally (N = 8)
discontinuous, anterior and posterior sequences
overlapping beneath anterior half of soft dorsal
fin.
Dorsal-fin spine 4 longest; soft dorsal fin
rounded, reaching to about middle of caudal
peduncle. Soft anal fin rounded, reaching to about
middle of caudal peduncle. Caudal-fin margin
truncate. Pectoral fin pointed, fifth ray longest,
reaching to middle or posterior base of anal fin.
Pelvic fin pointed or subacuminate, first ray forming
tip, reaching almost halfway to base of first
anal-fin ray.
Soft dorsal fin squamation consisting of 2 rows
of scales basally between rays and a few scales
between branches of longer rays. Anal fin densely
scaled basally with 4 interradial scale rows, but
no scales between between branches. Caudal fin
densely scaled, except narrowly along posterior
margin, and middle of membranes between rays
D2 and V2. Pelvic fin densely scaled on both side
basally and along first ray on lateral side. Pectoral
fin scaled basally.
Small specimens elongate (21.3-23.8 % SL,
N = 7, 45.0-122.7 mm SL); fins naked except base
Kullander & Ferreira: Review of Cichla