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320 Fig. 24. Cichla monoculus, NRM 18052, 46.6 mm SL; Peru: Rio Napo drainage: Aucapoza Cocha. Fig. 25. Cichla monoculus, NRM 18412, 146.7 mm SL; Brazil: Pará: Santarém, Rio Tapajós shore opposite Santarém, Igarapé Açu. of Oriximiná; 3 Oct 1991, B. Kilian & C. Seidel. – NRM 51804, 1, 52.6 mm SL; Lago Caipuru; 8 Sep 1998, R. Stawikowski. Rio Canumã drainage: MZUSP 7074, 2; Amazonas: Rio Canumã; 28-29 Sep 1967, EPA. Rio Tapajós drainage: Pará: MZUSP 3211, 2; Santarém, Rio Maicá; 19-27 Oct 1971, EPA. – MZUSP 22065, 1; Lago da Santa Clara, Monte Cristo; 5 Dec 1970, EPA. – MZUSP 50591, 5; island lake at Monte Cristo. 8 Dec 1970. EPA. – MZUSP 50598, 2; Igarapé Jacaré on right bank of Rio Tapajós, near Boim. 27 Oct 1970. EPA. – NRM 18412, 1, 146.7 mm SL; Santarém, Rio Tapajós shore opposite Santarém, peninsula, Igarapé Açu; 3 Oct 1992, R. Stawikowski et al. – NRM 27104, 2, 65.9-78.3 mm SL; 1 km below Alter do Chao, small bay; 23 Sep 1992, F. Warzel et al. Rio Amazonas drainage: BMNH 1929.7.30:28, 1; Pará: Rio Maycuru; no date, Flemming. – CAS uncat., 1; Pará: Santarém, Amazon River; Aug 1924, C. Ternetz. – MNRJ uncat., 1; Amazonas: Paraná do Ramos; Jul 1982, C. M. L. Ferreira. Rio Arari drainage: MZUSP 3596, 3; Pará: Ilha Marajó, Lago Arari; Oct 1944, A. Campos. Rio Araguari drainage: MNRJ 11614, 1, 190 mm SL; Amapá: Fazenda Modelo Aporema; May 1981, G. W. Nunan et al. Rio Oiapoque drainage: MNHN 1981-594, 2, 159-165 mm SL; Amapá: Junilan, savane; 20 Sep 1977, M. Fily. Diagnosis. Similar to C. kelberi and C. pleiozona in possession of three dark vertical bars on side, presence of a pronounced occipital bar in large specimens, absence of black or ocellated markings laterally on head, and presence of irregular dark blotches on anterior abdominal side. Distinguished from C. pleiozona by less scales in a lateral row (68-87 vs. 84-93 in C. pleiozona) and typical absence of dark vertical bar anteriorly on caudal peduncle, and from C. kelberi by absence of light spots on anal and pelvic fins and lower caudal fin. <strong>Kullander</strong> & Ferreira: Review of Cichla
Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly captured adult male, not preserved; Brazil: Amazonas: Tefé, Rio Tefé. Photograph by R. Stawikowski. Fig. 27. Cichla monoculus, MHNN 2188, 365 mm TL; from the Brazilian collection of Spix and von Martius, but of doubtful type status. Photograph by M. Kottelat. Description. Modified from <strong>Kullander</strong> (1986). Refer to Figs. 24-27 for general shape and colour pattern, Table 15 for morphometrics, and Tables 2-10 for meristics. Moderately deep (body depth 28.0-32.5 % SL, N = 15, 211-344 mm SL). Frontal contour straight ascending or slightly curved to slightly in advance of dorsal-fin origin; only a few specimens about 300 mm SL and longer with slight to prominent (Fig. 26) nuchal protuberance. Maxilla reaching Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4 321 | or middle of orbit. Lower jaw prognathous, articulation below posterior margin or, in juveniles, middle of orbit. Lateral line discontinuous on both sides in all specimens. Dorsal-fin spines 4-6 longest. Soft dorsal and anal fins rounded, never extending to caudal-fin base. Caudal fin in young specimens slightly emarginate, with squared dorsal and rounded ventral hind corner, in adults hind margin very slightly and evenly convex. Pectoral fin acuminate, 4th
Page 1 and 2: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
Page 3 and 4: Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol.
Page 5 and 6: that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
Page 7 and 8: except in C. intermedia. Occipital
Page 9 and 10: Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
Page 11 and 12: Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -
Page 13 and 14: Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
Page 15 and 16: soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
Page 19 and 20: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 21 and 22: uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
Page 25 and 26: confluent elongate yellow or white
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29 and 30: Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
Page 31 and 32: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 33: of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56: dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58: Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60: in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64: SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70: Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72: Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74: idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78: dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84: zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86:
Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87 and 88:
ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 89 and 90:
Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921
Page 91 and 92:
two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
Page 95 and 96:
ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100:
ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
Page 101 and 102:
as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104:
(Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106:
specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108:
Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110:
munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112:
Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114:
399
Page 115 and 116:
Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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