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Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters An international journal for fi eld-orientated ichthyology Volume 17 • Number 4 • December 2006 pages 289-398, 93 fi gs., 27 tabs. Managing Editor Maurice Kottelat, Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57 CH–2952 Cornol, Switzerland Tel. + 41 - 32 - 4 62 31 75 / Fax + 41 - 32 - 4 62 22 59 / E-mail mkottelat@dplanet.ch Editorial board Pier Giorgio Bianco, Dipartimento di Zoologia, Università, Napoli, Italy Ralf Britz, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Sven O. Kullander, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden Helen K. Larson, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia Lukas Rüber, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom Ivan Sazima, Departamento de Zoologia & Museu de História Natural, Campinas, Brazil Paul H. Skelton, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa Heok Hui Tan, Raffl es Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters is published quarterly Subscriptions should be addressed to the Publisher: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, D–81379 München, Germany PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION : EURO 100 per Year/volume - 4 issues (includes surface mail shipping) INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIPTION : EURO 180 per Year/volume - 4 issues (includes surface mail shipping) Manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor: Maurice Kottelat, Route de la Baroche 12, Case postale 57, CH –2952 Cornol, Switzerland CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Ichthyological exploration of freshwaters : an international journal for fi eld-orientated ichthyology. – München : Pfeil. Erscheint jährl. viermal. – Aufnahme nach Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) ISSN 0936-9902 Vol. 1, No. 1 (1990) – Copyright © 2006 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Publisher, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, D-81379 München, Germany. Printed by Druckerei Wiesendanger, Murnau ISSN 0936-9902 Printed in Germany Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Str. 27, D-81379 München, Germany Tel. + 49 - (0)89 - 74 28 27 0 – Fax + 49 - (0)89 - 72 42 77 2 – E-mail: info@pfeil-verlag.de – www.pfeil-verlag.de
Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 289-398, 93 figs., 27 tabs., December 2006 © 2006 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany – ISSN 0936-9902 A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 17, No. 4 Sven O. Kullander* and Efrem J. G. Ferreira** Cichla, with the junior synonym Acharnes, is widely distributed in the Amazon, Tocantins, and Orinoco river basins, and in the smaller rivers draining the Guianas to the Atlantic Ocean. Within South America transplantations are recorded from the Paraná and Paraguay river drainages in Paraguay and Brazil, and the Paraíba do Sul and Paraguaçu rivers in Brazil. The genus comprises 15 species recognized by external characters of which colour pattern and meristics are most significant. In six species juveniles possess three dark blotches on the side and a dark band connecting the posterior blotch to the dark blotch at the caudal-fin base: Cichla ocellaris is known from the Guianas, including the Marowijne, Suriname, Corantijn, Demerara, and Essequibo river drainages, and also the upper Rio Branco in Brazil. Cichla orinocensis is known from the Negro and Orinoco river drainages in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Cichla monoculus is widespread in the floodplains of the Amazon basin, in Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, and also collected from rivers of Amapá in Brazil, and the lower Oyapock River on the border between Brazil and French Guiana. Cichla nigromaculata is known from the upper Rio Orinoco in Venezuela and, tentatively, the middle Rio Negro in Brazil. Cichla kelberi, new species, is restricted to the Tocantins river basin, but also found transplanted in the Paraná and Paraíba do Sul river drainages and reported from the Nordeste region of Brazil. Cichla pleiozona, new species, occurs in the Madre de Dios, Beni, and Guaporé river drainages in Bolivia and Brazil, and in the Rio Jamari in Brazil. A lectotype is fixed for Cychla toucounarai which is a synonym of Cichla monoculus. Juveniles and young of the remaining nine species, in addition to the three midlateral blotches, possess a dark horizontal band extending from the head to the dark blotch at the caudal-fin base: Cichla mirianae, new species, is restricted to the upper Tapajós river drainage, in the Juruena and Teles Pires rivers, and the upper Xingu river drainage in Brazil. Cichla melaniae, new species, is restricted to the lower Xingu river drainage in Brazil. Cichla piquiti, new species, is restricted to the Tocantins river basin, but transplanted in the Paraná river basin in Brazil and Paraguay. Cichla thyrorus, new species, occurs in the Rio Trombetas in Brazil, upstream from the Cachoeira Porteira. Cichla jariina, new species, occurs in the Rio Jari in Brazil, where it is so far recorded only from the region of the Santo Antonio rapids. Cichla pinima, new species, occurs in the lower parts of southern tributaries of the Rio Amazonas in Brazil (Tapajós, Curuá-Una, Xingu), and the lower Tocantins and Capim rivers. Tentatively identified specimens are recorded from the Amapá, Araguari, and Canumã rivers in Brazil. Cichla pinima occurs translocated in the Rio Paraguaçu in southeastern Brazil, and is reported as translocated from the northeast of Brazil. Cichla vazzoleri, new species, occurs in the Uatumã and lower Trombetas rivers in Brazil. Cichla temensis is known from the Negro and Orinoco river drainages in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. It is also recorded from blackwater rivers along the Rio Solimões-Amazonas in Brazil (Tefé, Rio Puraquequara, Rio Uatumã, and Silves). Cichla intermedia is restricted to the Casiquiare and Orinoco river drainages in Venezuela. * Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, POB 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: sven.kullander@nrm.se ** Centro de Pesquisas de Biologia Acuatica, INPA, CP 478, 69083-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil. E-mail: efrem@inpa.gov.br 289
Page 1: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil ISSN 093
Page 5 and 6: that of Ringuelet et al. (1967) cle
Page 7 and 8: except in C. intermedia. Occipital
Page 9 and 10: Prominent rostral fold on maxilla (
Page 11 and 12: Principal Component 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -
Page 13 and 14: Frequency 50 40 30 20 10 0 60 70 80
Page 15 and 16: soft dorsal fin; bars 1 and 2 divid
Page 17 and 18: Fig. 7. Cichla ocellaris, NRM 28389
Page 19 and 20: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 21 and 22: uito, Rio Aguaro on the way towards
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 13. Cichla orinocensis, MCNG 2
Page 25 and 26: confluent elongate yellow or white
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 19. Cichla orinocensis, MNHN A
Page 29 and 30: Cichla nigromaculata Jardine, 1843
Page 31 and 32: 10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° Ci
Page 33 and 34: of the principal vertical bars in C
Page 35 and 36: Fig. 26. Cichla monoculus, freshly
Page 37 and 38: on back, nape and dorsally on cauda
Page 39 and 40: Diagnosis. Distinguished from all o
Page 41 and 42: Several light spots on proximal hal
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 30. Cichla kelberi, NRM 42401,
Page 45 and 46: ar in large specimens, absence of b
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 35. Cichla pleiozona, paratype
Page 49 and 50: of Cichla, and the stock must have
Page 51 and 52: eaching halfway to middle of anal f
Page 53 and 54:
Fig. 42. Cichla mirianae, holotype,
Page 55 and 56:
dark roundish blotch formed at inte
Page 57 and 58:
Fig. 47. Cichla melaniae, not prese
Page 59 and 60:
in Marabá, river bank; 18 Sep 1990
Page 61 and 62:
Fig. 52. Cichla piquiti, paratype,
Page 63 and 64:
SL from same sample. It is not obvi
Page 65 and 66:
Fig. 55. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 67 and 68:
Fig. 57. Cichla thyrorus, paratype,
Page 69 and 70:
Cichla jariina, new species (Figs.
Page 71 and 72:
Fig. 62. Cichla jariina, paratype,
Page 73 and 74:
idge. - BMNH 1902.11.7:15, 1, 197 m
Page 75 and 76:
Fig. 67. Cichla pinima, paratype, N
Page 77 and 78:
dark spot included in band at root
Page 79 and 80:
Fig. 73. Cichla pinima, fresh caugh
Page 81 and 82:
10° 0° -10° -20° -30° -80° -7
Page 83 and 84:
zoler. - MZUSP 5501, 1; Rio Trombe
Page 85 and 86:
Fig. 78. Cichla vazzoleri, holotype
Page 87 and 88:
ocellated blotch. Bar 2 represented
Page 89 and 90:
Fig. 81. Cichla temensis, NRM 22921
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two middle rows may be contiguous t
Page 93 and 94:
Fig. 88. Cichla temensis, NRM 11308
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ion; belly lighter than the other p
Page 97 and 98:
Fig. 90. Cichla intermedia, MBUCV-V
Page 99 and 100:
ibid., fig. 7). Winemiller (2001: 9
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as tubed scales, may thus be influe
Page 103 and 104:
(Kullander & Nijssen, fig. 10). Cic
Page 105 and 106:
specimens, the lower rays of the ca
Page 107 and 108:
Autapomorphies of Cichla. Stiassny
Page 109 and 110:
munity function would be selected a
Page 111 and 112:
Kullander, S. O. & E. J. G. Ferreir
Page 113 and 114:
399
Page 115 and 116:
Ichthyological Exploration of Fresh
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