68° Congresso Nazionale SCIVAC: Le domande più frequenti in ...

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68° CONGRESSO NAZIONALE SCIVAC 11-13 Marzo 2011 - Milano LE DOMANDE PIÙ FREQUENTI IN RIPRODUZIONE CANINA E FELINA Tutto quello che i vostri clienti osano spesso chiedere e a cui voi non sapete rispondere 14 th EVSSAR Congress - Advances in Feline Reproduction - March 11 th 2011 Infectious diseases could promote infertility by various pathogenic ways. In the vagina, they could have a spermicidal activity, act on sperm motility, in creating ciliostasis for example or emphasize the penetration of infectious agents into the uterus during proestrus and estrus. Uterine infection leads to lymphogenic infiltration of the uterine wall, creating a hostile environment for the sperm and eggs, interference with the development of the zygote or early embryonic death. Later during pregnancy, endometritis and/or placentitis or placental infection may occur, leading to fetal resorption. 2.3.2. Uterine pathology Endometritis is a common cause of infertility in mares. In bitches, however, it is hard to diagnose. Using a vaginal endoscope, a transcervical catheterization may be performed using a human ureteral catheter (diameter 5fr). Flushing of the uterine lumen is performed with sterile saline fluid (NaCl 0.9%, 2 mL/10 kg instilled then reabsorbed) and collected samples may be used for uterine cytology and bacteriology. This is useful in case of infertile bitches. A recent technique: hysteroscopy in the bitch has been experimented. From a preliminary study, it appeared that diestrus may be the best period for diagnosing uterine problems. Hysteroscopy may be performed using a rigid uretero-renoscope (27002K; 9.5Fr, 43 cm length, Storz ® , Germany). A ureteral catheter (Ureteral CRU ® , 5Fr, Rusch, France) inserted inside the operating channel is used for cervical catheterization and remained close to the cervical opening. Then filtered air is insufflated (GastroPack ® , Storz, Germany) through the catheter to allow distension of the cervix in order to allow the passage of the scope inside the uterus. Bitches with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) are also often infertile due to implantation failure after conception. 2.3.3. Miscellaneous causes They include pathology of the vagina or vulva, genetically problems, nutritional deficiencies or idiopathic troubles. 34
68° CONGRESSO NAZIONALE SCIVAC 11-13 Marzo 2011 - Milano LE DOMANDE PIÙ FREQUENTI IN RIPRODUZIONE CANINA E FELINA Tutto quello che i vostri clienti osano spesso chiedere e a cui voi non sapete rispondere 14 th EVSSAR Congress - Advances in Feline Reproduction - March 11 th 2011 REFERENCES Arbeiter K. Anovulatory ovarian cycles in dogs. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1993;47:453-6. ENGLAND GCW and CONCANNON P W: 2002. Determination of the optimal breeding time in the bitch: basic considerations, in “recent advances in small animal reproduction”, wwww.ivis.org, Ithaca, New-York, USA. ENGLAND GCW and RUSSO M. Ultrasonographic characteristics of ealy pregnancy failure in bitches. Theriogenology. 2006 Oct;66(6-7):1694-8. GUNZEL-APEL AR, ZABEL S, BUNCK CF, DIELEMAN SJ, EINSPANIER A and HOPPEN HO: An investigation on the luteal phase and pregnancy in normal and short cycling german shepherd dogs. Theriogenology. 2006 Oct;66(6-7):1431-5. Marseloo N, Fontbonne A, Bassu G, Rivière S, Leblanc B, Rault D, Biourge V and Chastant- Maillard S: Comparison of ovarian ultrasonography with hormonal parameters for the determination of the time of ovulation in the bitch. in proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Canine and Feline Reproduction Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 4th, 5th and 6th, 2004. Reynaud K, Fontbonne A, Marseloo N, Thoumire S, Chebrout M, de Lesegno CV, Chastant- Maillard S. In vivo meiotic resumption, fertilization and early embryonic development in the bitch.Reproduction. 2005 Aug;130(2):193-201. Address for correspondence: Alain Fontbonne Head of Animal Reproduction Division Alfort Veterinary College, Paris, France afontbonne@vet-alfort.fr 35
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