68° Congresso Nazionale SCIVAC: Le domande più frequenti in ...

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68° CONGRESSO NAZIONALE SCIVAC 11-13 Marzo 2011 - Milano LE DOMANDE PIÙ FREQUENTI IN RIPRODUZIONE CANINA E FELINA Tutto quello che i vostri clienti osano spesso chiedere e a cui voi non sapete rispondere 14 th EVSSAR Congress - Advances in Feline Reproduction - March 11 th 2011 They are very useful in this indication, using very low dose and must be antagonize (atipamezole) as soon as possible on the bitch (after induction) or on puppies (sublingual drop). Opioids appear to be well tolerated by the pups, but few data are available. To limit the risk of regurgitation during surgery, (major in late gestation), it is recommended to administer an anti-emetic with prokinetic properties (metoclopramide) before induction. 4.2 ANESTHESIA: INDUCTION TO WAKE-UP Many anesthetic protocols (general, local, or partners) have been described, but the protocol currently recommended is an induction with propofol followed by a maintenance with a volatile anesthesia (O2, isoflurane) on an intubated bitch. Another induction agent can be safetely used: alfaxalone (neurosteroid). Absence of premedication and physiological changes by gestation makes anesthesia maintenance often unstable. It is interesting to realize before induction, a local anesthesia of subcutaneous tissue and abdominal muscles layers using a dilute solution of lidocaine at a dose of 2 to 5 mg/kg. This helps to maintain a superficial anesthesia, thus avoiding to anesthetize puppies to deeply. 5. ANESTHESIA IN PAEDIATRICS Congenital abnormalities and injuries (skin burn, ...) may be treated in the first weeks of life by surgery procedures. Anesthesia of puppies is easy and safe if the management is taking into account neonates and paediatrics specificity. 5.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL REMINDS During 6 to 12 weeks of life, many functions are still immature with a great influence on tolerance to anesthesia and rapid recovery after surgery. - Cardiovascular system. At birth autonomic innervation of the heart and vasculature is incomplete. The ability to respond to circulatory distress is reduced. The newborn responds to hypoxia with bradycardia or no change. After 78
68° CONGRESSO NAZIONALE SCIVAC 11-13 Marzo 2011 - Milano LE DOMANDE PIÙ FREQUENTI IN RIPRODUZIONE CANINA E FELINA Tutto quello che i vostri clienti osano spesso chiedere e a cui voi non sapete rispondere 14 th EVSSAR Congress - Advances in Feline Reproduction - March 11 th 2011 4 days, puppies and kittens have normal blood receptor functions, heart rate response to hypoxia as adults. Cardiac output in the paediatric patient is primarily rate dependant and also higher, relative to body weight, than in adults. Compared with the heart rate, the neonatal heart has less contractile tissue and ventricular compliance is limted. As a result, stroke volume is effectively fixed and increases in pre- and afterload are poorly tolerated. An adult can increase cardiac output by 300%, whereas the neonate can only increase output by 30%. Neonatal and paediatric blood pressures are lower than adult pressures. The paediatric heart has mature parasympathic innervation but immature parasympathic. Many anesthesia enhance parasympathic effects and can lead to a serious bradycardia (
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LE DOMANDE PIÙ FREQUENTI IN RIPROD
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COMITATO SCIENTIFICO DEL 68° CONGR
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68° CONGRESSO NAZIONALE SCIVAC 11-
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