Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences
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Tema 4.<br />
dakvirveba<br />
intervius nebismier saxeobas (maT Soris siRrmiseul intervius da fokusjgufs)<br />
in<strong>for</strong>maciis Segrovebis verbaluri saSualebebi udevs safuZvlad. magram<br />
adamianTa cxovrebaSi ara naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs moqmedebebs, qcevebs,<br />
urTierTobas, da am moqmedebebs Soris aris iseTebi, romelTa sityvierad aRwera<br />
da gadmocema respondents SeiZleba gauWirdes; damaxinjebulad gadmogvces<br />
isini; an ubralod ar CaTvalos laparakis Rirsad. arada, es SeiZleba iyos<br />
moqmedebebi, romelTa mniSvnelobac <strong>socialur</strong>i cxovrebis analizisaTvis Zalze<br />
didia. zog SemTxvevaSi respondentebi ar aqceven yuradRebas sakuTari qcevis<br />
garkveul detalebs, amitom intervius dros ver ixseneben maT; sxva SemTxvevaSi ki<br />
isini arasworad ixsomeben imas, Tu rogor ganviTarda movlenebi. <strong>socialur</strong>i<br />
mecnierebisTvis kargadaa cnobili, rom adamianebi ar arian sakuTari qcevis<br />
kargi aRmwerebi, da ver gvawvdian sando in<strong>for</strong>macias mis Sesaxeb. 50<br />
situaciebSi, rodesac intervius verc erT saxeobas ver gamoviyenebT,<br />
CvenTvis saWiro in<strong>for</strong>maciis mopovebaSi dakvirveba dagvexmareba.<br />
dakvirvebis meTodi Zalze farTod gamoiyeneba <strong>socialur</strong> mecnierebebSi.<br />
yvelaze xSirad am meTods antropologebi da eTnografebi mimarTaven<br />
gansxvavebuli kulturis warmomadgenelebis cxovrebis Seswavlis mizniT, da aq<br />
sityva “kultura” Zalze farTo gagebiT ixmareba. es SeiZleba iyos rogorc sxva,<br />
SedarebiT mcirericxovani da naklebad cnobili <strong>socialur</strong>i jgufis kultura<br />
(magaliTad, rok-musikosebis; damnaSaveebis; mecxvareebis) da maTi cxovrebis<br />
Sinagani wesebis dadgena, aseve antropologiuri gamokvlevebi — naklebad<br />
cnobili tomis an eris cxovreba an am cxovrebis romelime aspeqti, iqneba es maTi<br />
religiuri wes-Cveulebebi; Taobebs Soris urTierToba; Sromis ganawileba, Tu<br />
sxva. ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi kvleva Soreul qveynebSi xorcieldeba, SedarebiT<br />
naklebad Seswavlil kunZulebze, magram Tanamedrove kvleviT praqtikaSi<br />
savsebiT miRebulia, mivmarToT dakvirvebas Cvensave qalaqebSi mcxovrebi xalxis<br />
subkulturis Seswavlis mizniT.<br />
dakvirvebis meTodis Teoretikosebi, kerZod, h.r.bernardi, xazs usvamen im<br />
garemoebas, rom damkvirveblis amocana gacilebiT iolia misTvis ucxo<br />
kulturaSi muSaobis dros; es amocana mniSvnelovnad rTuldeba, rodesac mas<br />
mSobliur kulturaSi uwevs dakvirvebis ganxorcieleba. amis mizezi ki isaa, rom<br />
mSobliur kulturaSi Cven “bunebrivad” aRviqvamT da Cveulebrivad gveCveneba<br />
moqmedebebisa da reaqciebis umravlesoba, romlebic mraval kiTxvas warmoSoben,<br />
Tu maT miukerZoebeli TvaliT SevxedavT; zogierTi mniSvnelovani elementi ki<br />
SeiZleba saerTod yuradRebis gareSe dagvrCes, im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom<br />
isini Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia da miCveulebi varT maT.<br />
dakvirveba erT-erT umniSvnelovanes Tvisebriv meTods warmoadgens, romlis<br />
umTavresi Rirseba isaa, rom is bunebriv garemoSi xorcieldeba, iq, sadac realurad<br />
mimdinareobs cxovreba, da ara “laboratoriul” pirobebSi, rogoricaa<br />
mkvlevris ofisi. swored es garemoeba ganapirobebs am meTodis specifikas da<br />
masTan dakavSirebul gansakuTrebul sirTuleebs. Tumca Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom<br />
<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong> gamoirCeva Tavisi ara<strong>for</strong>maluri xasiaTiT, es gansakuTrebiT<br />
sworia dakvirvebis SemTxvevaSi, rodesac SeuZlebelia imis winaswarmetyveleba,<br />
Tu vin Sexvdeba mkvlevars quCaSi an kafeSi; rodis, ra pirobebSi da ra Temaze<br />
mouwevs intervius Catareba; ra movlenebis momswre gaxdeba dRis manZilze.<br />
iTvleba, rom dakvirvebis warmoebis yvelaze mizanSewonili obieqtia yoveldRiuri<br />
saqmianoba, romelic mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis gareSe meordeba dRidan<br />
dRemde. es SeiZleba iyos urTierToba TanamSromlebs Soris samuSao saaTebSi;<br />
Tavisufali drois organizacia ojaxSi an megobarTa wreSi; saswavlo procesi<br />
(skolSi, umaRles saswavlebelSi); bazris cxovreba an maRaziaSi myidvelebis<br />
50 Robert S. Weiss. Learning from Strangers. The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies. New York:<br />
Free Press. P. 236.<br />
48
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