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Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

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mkvlevris “in<strong>for</strong>mantebis” rols kisruloben da exmarebian mas “SeaRwios”<br />

Sesaswavl jgufSi. Sesabamisad, raodenobriv meTodebTan SedarebiT, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong><br />

<strong>meTodebi</strong>s gamoyenebisas ufro mwvaved dgeba kvlevasTan dakavSirebuli eTikuri<br />

normebis dacvis sakiTxi, kerZod: gvaqvs Tu ra moraluri ufleba, Cveni kvleviTi<br />

miznebis misaRwevad gamoviyenoT adamianis Cvendami ndoba da gulaxdiloba,<br />

saaSkaraoze gamovitanoT misi piradi cxovreba? Tvisebriv mkvlevars gansakuTrebuli<br />

eTikuri pasuxismgebloba akisria; mniSvnelovania, rom masa da<br />

kvlevis obieqtebs Soris arsebuli ndoba kvlevis damTavrebis da Sedegebis<br />

gamoqveynebis Semdegac iqnes SenarCunebuli.<br />

rogorc wesi, Tvisebriv meTodebze damyarebuli gamokvlevis savele etapi,<br />

iseve rogorc monacemTa damuSaveba, ufro met dros moiTxovs, vidre<br />

raodenobrivi kvlevis SemTxvevaSi, vinaidan <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> mkvlevrebi sruliad<br />

gansxvavebul kvleviT instrumentebze dayrdnobiT muSaoben. Tumca arsebobs<br />

kompiuteruli programebi, romlebic specialurad <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>T<br />

miRebuli Sedegebis damuSavebisTvisaa Seqmnili, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> Sedegebis analizis<br />

sakvanZo etapebi dRemde kompiuteris gareSe xorcieldeba. rogorc wesi,<br />

<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> kvlevis Sedegad yvelaze xSirad viRebT sakvlevi obieqtis Sida<br />

struqturis analizs da/an kvlevis sakiTxis adekvatur tipologias.<br />

Teoriuli winamZRvrebi<br />

Tu raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong>s ganviTareba <strong>socialur</strong>i kvlevis praqtikaSi<br />

sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis miRwevebs ukavSirdeba, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />

humanitarul sferosa da xelovnebasTanaa kavSirSi; maT damkvidrebaSi<br />

garkveuli roli iTamaSa, agreTve samedicino praqtikam, romelic yvela<br />

pacientisadmi individualur midgomas da calkeuli samedicino SemTxvevebis,<br />

daavadebebis Rrma da safuZvlian Seswavlas moiTxovs. <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong><br />

calkeuli pirovnebis an pirovnebaTa patara jgufis gamocdilebis, grZnobebis,<br />

Sefasebebis irgvlivaa koncentrirebuli, amitom am midgomas xSirad “subieqturi<br />

sociologiis”, an mikrosociologiis farglebSi ganixilaven. Tu raodenobrivi<br />

<strong>meTodebi</strong>s farglebSi respondenti ganixileba, rogorc ama Tu im <strong>socialur</strong>i<br />

jgufis warmomadgeneli, Tvisebriv <strong>kvlevaSi</strong> yoveli respondenti sainteresoa<br />

rogorc pirovneba. adamianebisadmi gamovlenili Rrma interesis gamo mkvlevrebi<br />

<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s rolis gazrdas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi sociologiis<br />

da, ufro farTod, <strong>socialur</strong>i mecnierebebis humanizaciis periods ukavSireben.<br />

Tvisebriv da raodenobriv meTodebs sxvadaxva “filosofia” udevs safuZvlad.<br />

Tu raodenobrivi <strong>meTodebi</strong> pozitivistur ideebs emyareba da gulisxmobs,<br />

rom xalxi srulad acnobierebs Tavis grZnobebs, saqciels da Sexedulebebs,<br />

<strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> meTodologia simboluri interaqcionizmis principebs iziarebs.<br />

simboluri interaqcionizmis mizania SevecadoT gavigoT adamianis saqcieli ise,<br />

rogorc es Tavad moqmed pirs, anu aqtors esmis. am Teoriis fuZemdeblis,<br />

herbert blumeris Tanaxmad, simboluri interaqcionizmis oTxi ZiriTadi<br />

principi SemdegSi mdgomareobs: 10<br />

1) adamianebis qceva ganpirobebulia im mniSvnelobiT, romelsac adamianebi<br />

ukavSireben sagnebs, romelic maTi samyaros nawilia; e.i. adamianebi moqmedeben<br />

ara sagnebis, aramed im mniSvnelobis mimarT, romelsac isini am sagnebSi xedaven;<br />

2) sagnebis mniSvneloba yalibdeba <strong>socialur</strong>i interaqciis procesSi, Sesabamisad,<br />

kultura adamianebs Soris sagnebis damkvidrebuli mniSvnelobebis<br />

urTierTgaziarebaa;<br />

3) rogorc individualuri, aseve koleqtiuri <strong>socialur</strong>i moqmedeba damokidebulia<br />

aqtorebis mier <strong>socialur</strong>i situaciis interpretaciis <strong>for</strong>m(eb)ze;<br />

4) sagnebis mniSvneloba icvleba aqtorebis mier samyaros interpretaciis<br />

procesSi.<br />

es sami principi <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> kvlevis principebadac SegviZlia miviCnioT. rogorc<br />

ukve aRvniSneT, <strong>Tvisebrivi</strong> <strong>meTodebi</strong>s mizania, gamovlenili da aRwerili<br />

10 Herbert Blumer. 1998 [1969]. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:<br />

Prentice-Hall. P. 50.<br />

9

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