Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

qceva, da sxva. mklevris uSualo interesi SeiZleba iyos xalxis Cacmuloba ama Tu
im situaciaSi; an mosaxleobis quCaSi moZraobis siCqare, nacnobebTan
gamosaubrebis mizniT SeCerebis sixSire da am SeCerebebis xangrZlivoba.
iSviaTi SemTxvevebis garda 51 , kvlevis procesSi damkvirvebeli Zalauneburad
axdens gavlenas moqmed pirebze da socialur situaciebze, romelSic isini arian
CarTulni. es gavlena cnobilia rogorc reaqtiuloba — ician ra, rom maT
moqmedebas akvirdebian, adamianebi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqceven imas, Tu
rogor iqcevian, rogor epyrobian sxva adamianebs, ras da rogor amboben, da
saboloo jamSi maTi saqcieli bunebrivi aRar aris, mkvlevris arseboba rom ara,
isini ase ar moiqceodnen. reaqtiuloba adamianebis bunebrivi reaqciaa, magram
dakvirvebis warmoebisas Zalze seriozul problemas warmoadgens, vinaidan
amaxinjebs Sedegebs. misi srulad gadalaxva faqtiurad SeuZlebelia, Tumca
arsebobs misi Semcirebis SesaZleblobebi, romelTa Sesaxebac qvemoT visaubrebT.
meTodis daxasiaTeba
iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva tipis gamokvleva, dakvirveba Sesaswavli
erTeulis gamoyofiT iwyeba. es SeiZleba iyos:
o
o
o
o
adgili, sadac xdeba moqmedeba. specialur literaturaSi es adgili
moxsenieba rogorc “saiti” (ingl. site);
adamianebi, romlebic CarTulni arian CvenTvis saintereso saqmianobaSi da
vis moqmedebebsac vakvirdebiT, anu “aqtorebi” (ingl. actor);
TviTon moqmedeba an saqmianoba (scenebi), situaciebi, movlenebi, romlebsac
uSualod vakvirdebiT; da
nivTebi, romlebis irgvliv an romelTa gamoyenebiTac xdeba moqmedeba.
socialur gamokvlevebSi dakvirvebis meTodi iSviaTad gvxvdeba rogorc
kvlevis erTaderTi meTodi. es imiT aixsneba, rom, rogorc vTqviT, dakvirveba
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba gansxvavebuli kulturis warmomadgenlebis cxovrebis
wesis Seswavlis mizniT, aseTi Seswavla ki SeuZlebelia mxolod dakvirvebis
meSveobiT — is aucileblad iTvaliswinebs sxva meTodebis gamoyenebasac, upirveles
yovlisa — gasaubrebas Sesaswavli jgufis warmomadgenlebTan da eqsperteb-
Tan, romlebic dagvexmarebian sworad avxsnaT is, rac davafiqsireT dakvirvebis
dros. gasaubreba ki, ra Tqma unda, intervius erT-erTi saxeobaa. amitom “sufTa”,
an “ubralo” dakvirveba, romlis msvlelobaSic mkvlevari ar amyarebs urTierTobas
aqtorebTan, romlebsac is Seiswavlis, iSviaTad gamoiyeneba. rogorc
wesi, dakvirvebis meTodi ixmareba kompleqsurad sxva meTodebTan — upirveles
yovlisa, interviusTan erTad, da am meTodiT muSaobisas mkvlevari Zalauneburad
erTveba socialur situaciaSi, romelSic aqtorebi monawileoben.
mkvlevris monawileoba socialur situaciaSi, misi CarTva im procesebSi,
romlebsac is Seiswavlis, SeiZleba sxvadasxva intnsiurobiT moxdes. am intensiurobidan
gamomdinare, gamoiyofa CarTvis Semdegi tipebi: 52
CarTvis intensiuroba
maRali
saSualo
dabali
mkvlevari ar iRebs monawileobas
socialur situaciaSi
CarTvis tipi
sruli (“CarTuli dakvirveba”)
aqtiuri
mokrZalebuli
pasiuri
ar aris “CarTva”
(“ubralo dakvirveba”)
51
aseT SemTxvevad SeiZleba CavTvaloT situacia, rodesac Sesaswavli obieqti ver
igrZnobs damkvirveblis arsebobas — erT-erTi aseTi magaliTia dakvirveba xalxmraval
adgilebSi.
52 ix. James P. Spradley. 1980. Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston. gv. 58.
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