Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi - Center for Social Sciences

aris miRweuli konsensusi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu konkretulad ra saxis
Canawerebs unda ewodos “savele Canawerebi”, ramdenad unda ganvasxvavoT maTgan
“dRiurebi” an “Junalebi”, da, saerTod, ramdenad marTebulia savele Canawerebis
sxvadasxva tipebad dayofa 61 .
robert emersonis msgavsad, Cven vTvliT, rom savele Canawerebia savele
muSaobisas gakeTebuli yvela Canaweri. Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari Tvlis, rom
arsebobs gansxvaveba savele Canawerebsa da dRiurebs Soris. maTi azriT, savele
Canawerad unda miviCnioT mxolod da mxolod is Canaweri, sadac mkvlevari
SeZlebisdagvarad miukerZoeblad aRwers savele pirobebSi gakeTebuli dakvirvebis
Sedegebs. rac Seexeba dRiurs an Jurnals, maTSi is Tavis pirad mosazrebebs
da STabeWdilebebs iniSnavs, Seaqvs Tavisi SeniSvnebi gamokvlevis msvlelobasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tavisi molodini, miRebuli gamocdileba, daSvebuli Secdomebi,
problemebi, romlebic uCndeba muSaobis procesSi. magram, rogorc emersoni
aRniSnavs, aseTi dayofis SemTxvevaSi xelovnurad xdeba dakvirvebisaTvis
“obieqturobis” miniWebis mcdeloba, ramdenadac savele Canawerebi (am terminis
viwro gagebiT) momxdaris obieqtur asaxvad iTvleba, xolo dRiurebi ganixileba
rogorc warmoebuli dakvirvebis “subieqturi” STabeWdilebebis asaxva.
savele Canawerebi uaRresad individualuri dokumentia, romelzec Zalian
did gavlenas axdens mkvlevris pirovnuli Tvisebebi. eWvs gareSea, rom ramdenime
mkvlevris mier erTi da igive movlenis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli savele Canawerebi
SeiZleba absoluturad gansxvavdebodes erTmaneTisgan iqidan gamomdinare, Tu
romel aqtorebze, movlenebze, detalebze, faqtebze gaamaxviles maT yuradReba.
savele Canawerebis auditoria mxolod erTi adamiania — Tavad mkvlevari.
magram swored savele Canawerebis gakeTebiT iwyeba monacemTa analizi, amrigad,
savele Canawerebi unda ganvixiloT ara mxolod rogorc instrumenti, aramed
rogorc warmatebuli eTnografiuli kvlevis umniSvnelovanesi nawili.
savele Canawerebi ar unda ganvixiloT rogor ama Tu im movlenis ubralo
aRwera; maTi waramoebis procesi eTnografiuli kvlevis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
komponentia. xSirad swored savele Canawerebis gakeTebis dros uCndeba
mkvlevars esa Tu is kiTxva, wamoiWreba kvlevis axali mimarTulebebi. es procesi
exmareba mkvlevars gaaanalizos movlenebi, romelTa momswrec is gaxda, rac
xels uwyobs kvlevis warmatebulad Catarebas.
rogor unda gaukeTdes organizacia am Canawerebs?
pirveli kiTxva, romelsac mkvlevarma unda gasces pasuxi savele Canawerebis
warmoebisas, aris is, Tu romel enaze unda awarmoos es Canawerebi? ra Tqma unda,
upirveles yovlisa, es kiTxva exeba im mkvlevrebs, romlebic ucxo qveynebSi
muSaoben da kvlevis savele etapi ucxo enaze xorcieldeba, magram maSinac ki,
rodesac mkvlevari Tavis mSobliur qveyanaSi muSaobs, es sakiTxi ar kargavs Tavis
aqtualobas, vinaidan mainc arsebobs ramdenime enis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba:
• yoveldRiuri, salaparako ena;
• mecnieruli ena (ufro konkretulad, socialuri mecnierebis ena);
• Sesaswavli jgufis ena (profesiuli leqsika, Jargoni da sxv.).
mkvlevari ar unda ahyves survils, gaamartivos mis winaSe mdgari amocana da
ukve savele Canawerebis warmoebis procesSi mecnierul enaze Targmnos is, rasac
akvirdeba; es arc Tu iSviaTad xdeba movlenebis kulturuli mniSvnelobis
damaxinjebis mizezi. jeims spradli urCevs yvela mkvlevars, uari Tqvas
Sefasebebsa da ganzogadoebebze savele Canawerebis gakeTebis dros,
SeZlebisdagvarad gaakeTos Canawerebi imave enaze, ra enazec mimdinareobda
saubarebi, da aucileblad miuTiTos Tavis CanawerebSi yvela frazis avtoris
vinaoba, raTa rac SeiZleba zustad moxdes ganxorcielebuli dakvirvebis asaxva.
rodesac mklevari aqtorebis naTqvams gadmoscems, misi mizani unda iyos, es
naTqvami sityvasityviT CainiSnos. es moTxovna, spradlis azriT, yvelaze xSirad
61 Robert M. Emerson, Rachel I.Fretz, and Linda L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago:
The University of Chicago Press. Pp.viii-x.
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