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konvertacias ver axerxebdnen. amitom evropis da iaponiis sagadamxdelo saSualebebinolze iyo. 1945 wlidan 1947 wlamde aSS aqtiurad moiTxovdnen wevri saxelmwifoebisganbreton-vudsis SeTanxmebebis Sesrulebas da finansuri institutebissrulfasovan muSaobas. amisaTvis did Zalisxmevas mimarTes aSS-ma. amerikam did britaneTs3,75 miliardi dolaris odenobis sesxi misca, rom am ukanasknels daemTavrebinaqveynis SigniT aRdgeniTi-sarekonstruqcio samuSaoebi da funti sterlingi kvlavkonvertabeluri gaexada. miuxedavad am yvelafrisa, 1947 wels amerika darwmunda, rombreton-vudsis sistema ar muSaobda. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis rezervebiamoiwura da daarsebidan ori wlis Semdeg, 1947 wels, sesxebis gacema SeCerda.zogierTi mecnieris azriT, 1947 wlis ekonomikuri krizisi pirdapir iyodakavSirebuli politikur problemebTan: germania politikurad da ekonomikuradganadgurebuli iyo; italiasa da safrangeTSi omisSemdgomi mdgomareoba arastabiluriiyo; didi britaneTi, nawilobriv Tavisi ekonomikuri siZneleebis gamo, tovebdaindoeTsa da palestinas da veRar asrulebda saberZneTisa da TurqeTisTvis micemulpirobebs usafrTxoebisa da politikuri mxardaWeris Sesaxeb; sabWoTa kavSiriintensiurad muSaobda evropaSi da Tanmimdevrulad `asocialistebda~ saxelmwifoebs(poloneTi, rumineTi, bulgareTi, Cexoslovakia, ungreTi, iugoslavia); amasTan,komunisti partizanebi wartmatebiT ibrZodnen saberZneTSi da komunisturi partiebigarkveul ndobas ixveWdnen evropis saxelmwifoebSi (mag., safrangeTSi, italiaSi).1947 wlidan, aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo, breton-vudsis sistema, romelicsaerTaSoriso savaluto institutebis mier unda yofiliyo marTuli, gadaiqca aSS-ismier marTul sistemad. mTeli simZime daawva amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, romelsacsWirdeboda, rom sxva qveynebSi ekonomikuri aRmavloba dawyebuliyo, raTa iq ardawyebuliyo komunisturi ideebis gavrceleba, ar Sesuliyo komunizmi.1947 wlidan 1960 wlamde amerikas SeeZlo da survilic hqonda ekisra es funqciebi.rogorc mecnierebi aRniSnaven, aSS-s roli iyo altruizmisa da interesebis narevi.amerikis ekonomikurma siZlierem da omebs Soris periodSi miRebulma gamocdilebamxeli Seuwyo mis ekonomikur da politikur liderobas da am faqtis cnobas sxvasaxelmwifoebis mier (am SemTxvevaSi laparakia ZiriTadad evropaze).1947 wels naTeli gaxda, rom oqro da funti sterlingi veRar asrulebdnenmsoflio fulis rols. oqros warmoeba ar iyo sakmarisi, raTa daekmayofilebinasaerTaSoriso vaWrobisa da investiciebis mzardi moTxovnilebebi. didi britaneTisekonomikuri sisustis gamo funti veRar iyo msoflio valuta. erTaderTi Zlierivaluta im periodSi iyo aSS dolari (igi myar mimarTebaSi iyo oqrosTan — 35 dolariudrida erT uncia oqros). garda amisa, aSS-is mTavroba Tanaxma iyo gaecvala dolarioqroze aRniSnuli kursiT, rac kidev ufro aZlierebda dolars. realurad dolariukeTesic iyo, vidre oqro, vinaidan misdami interesi izrdeboda da igi gamoiyenebodavaWrobasa da finansebSi. omis bolos amerika flobda msoflios oqros valutis 3/4¾-s.vinaidan oqros fizikuri warmoeba iyo Zalze Semcirebuli, dolari gaxda ara mxolodwamyvani sayrdeni valuta, aramed centraluri bankebis ZiriTadi sarezervofaseuloba. omis Semdeg oqros standarti dolaris standartad iqca. amrigad, bretonvudsissistema gaxda hegemonuri savaluto wesrigi, agebuli dolarze. saerTaSorisovaWroba, investireba — yvelaferi dolarze damyarda. aSS lideri gaxda civi omispirobebSi da xelSi Caigdo dasavleT samyaros marTva. aSS-s izolacionizmi Cabardawarsuls. es garkveuli garigeba iyo aSS-sa da evropas Soris — aSS-s hegemonizms sxvamokavSireebi sakuTari ekonomikebis gaumjobesebis sanacvlod daTanxmdnen.Tumca aman garkveuli problemebic Seuqmna aSS-s. dolarze mzardma moTxovnilebamaSS-s uzarmazari deficiti gauCina.breton-vudsis sistemis istoria iyofa or periodad: dolaris naklebobis periodida dolaris siWarbis periodi. pirveli periodi gagrZelda 1958 wlamde, meore ki — 1971wlamde. 1950-1956 wlebSi didi sesxebi ar gacemula.pirvel periodSi, romelsac xSirad aSS-is erTpirovnuli menejmentis periodsacuwodeben, rogorc vTqviT, aRiniSneboda dolaris, rogorc msoflios ZiriTadivalutis, nakleboba. Tavad aSS-Si vaWroba gamalebiT izrdeboda da seriozuliekonomikuri aRmavloba iwyeboda. magram imisaTvis, rom sistemas emuSava, saWiro iyo esprocesi evropaSic dawyebuliyo da momxdariyo dolaris gadineba. dolaris gadinebamoxda aSS-is daxmarebis programebiT: trumenis gegma saberZneTisa da TurqeTisdasaxmareblad, daxmareba ganviTarebad saxelmwifoebs da, yvelaze mniSvnelovani,19