icxvis zrdaze. xolo Suamavlebad ucxouri saportfelo investiciebis ganxorcielebisasgamodis sainvesticio bankebi (fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze Suamavaliorganizaciebi, romlebic awarmoebs grZelvadian dabandebaTa dafinansebas). am saxisinvesticiebis moZraobaze gavlenas axdens sxvadasxva fasian qaRaldebze gacemuliprocentiani ganakveTebis normebSi arsebuli gansxvaveba. ase, magaliTad, amerikisSeerTebul StatebSi procentiani ganakveTebis maRalma normam moizida mravaliucxoeli investori, gansakuTrebiT — iaponeli. meoce saukunis 1970-1980-ian wlebSimoxda saerTaSoriso kreditebis zrdis afeTqeba, ramac gamoiwvia msoflio sakredito-safinansosferos Seqmna. sasesxo kapitalebis saerTaSoriso bazari gansakuTrebiTswrafi tempebiT izrdeba da am saxsrebis ZiriTadi wvlili modis bankebs Sorisoperaciebze.amJamad sasesxo kapitalebis saerTaSoriso bazari iyofa fulis bazarze dasakuTriv kapitalebis bazarze:fulis bazari aris moklevadiani kreditebis bazari (erT wlamde).kapitalebis bazari aris saSualovadiani (2-dan 5 wlamde) sabanko kreditebis dagrZelvadiani (10 welze meti) sesxebis bazari, romlebic gaicema, ZiriTadad, fasianiqaRaldebis gamoSvebisa da SeZenis dros.bolo wlebSi saerTaSoriso bazarze gamoiyeneba grZelvadiani dafinansebisaratradiciuli <strong>for</strong>mebi, magaliTad, saproeqto dafinanseba, rac gulisxmobs msxvilikreditebis gacemas sawarmoTa konkretuli samrewvelo proeqtebis gansaxorcieleblad.amrigad, grZelvadiani kreditis gacemis aRniSnuli <strong>for</strong>ma uaxlovdebapirdapir investiciebs.transnacionaluri korporaciebiris jenkinsi Tavis wignSi `transnacionaluri korporaciebi da uTanasworiganviTareba” aRniSnavs, (Rhys Jenkins Trnasnational Corporations and Uneven Development: TheInternalisation of Capital and the Third World, p.1.) rom Zalian cota ekonomikuri institutiiwvevs iseT emociebs, rogorsac transnacionaluri korporaciebi. es gansakuTrebiTexeba transnacionaluri korporaciebisa da mesame samyaros urTierTobis sakiTxs.transnacionalur korporaciebs xSirad warmoadgenen rogorc saerTaSorisoekonomikuri uTanasworobis ZiriTad mizezs da ganviTarebis Semaferxebel mniSvnelovanfaqtors. isini ganixilebian, rogorc msoflios ekonomikurad CamorCenilregionebSi warmoebis dawyebisa da gaintensiurebis Zalad da, amasTan, CamorCenilobismizezad, vinaidan mogeba mudmivad miemarTeba ganviTarebul qveynebSi.aleqsandre rondeli Tavis wignSi `saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi~ aRniSnavs:`transnacionaluri korporaciebi iseTive Zlierni (zogjer ufro Zliernic!) arian,rogorc erovnuli saxelmwifoebi. am korporaciebs yovelTvis SeuZliaT, warmoebaqveynidan gaitanon da am SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo dasaqmebis, msoflio bazarze gasvlis,Semosavlis mxriv didad waagebs. es korporaciebi ukve imdenad damoukidebel Zaladiqcnen, rom saerTaSoriso politikur procesebzec didi gavlenis moxdena SeuZliaT~.(saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, aleqsandre rondeli, Tbilisis damoukidebeliuniversiteti, 1996. gv. 164).transnacionalur korporaciebze saubrisas gasarkvevia sakiTxi maTi definiciisSesaxeb, vinaidan ar arsebobs sayovelTaod miRebuli gansazRvreba. literaturaSixSirad SeiZleba SevxvdeT terminebs `mravalnacionaluri korporaciebi”, `mravalnacionalurisawarmoebi”, `saerTaSoriso firmebi” da sxv. gaeros transnacionalurikorporaciebis centrma ramdenime aTwleulis muSaobis Sedegad, ver moaxerxaganmartebis SemuSaveba. Tumca, 1974 wels gaeros transnacionaluri korporaciebiscentris Seqmnis periodidan gaeros publikaciebSi mxolod termins `transnacionaluri”vxvdebiT. gaerom mas upiratesoba mianiWa `mravalnacionalurTan” SedarebiT,laTinuri amerikisa da karibis zogierTi saxelmwifos daJinebuli moTxovnissafuZvelze. es termini xazs usvams, rom es korporaciebi arian umetesad erovnulifirmebi (adviladamosacnobi deda firmiT mSobel qveyanaSi), romlebic saqmianobensaxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT.yvelaze farTodmiRebuli ganmarteba ekuTvnis gaeros ekonomikur da socialur48
sabWos: `yvela sawarmo, romelic akontrolebs mogebas — qarxnebi/fabrikebi,maRaroebi, maRaziebi da msgavsi — or an met saxelmwifoSi” (UNCTC 1978, 158). Tumca,realurad, transnacionalur kompanias eZaxian iseTsac, romelic saqmianobs TundacerT ucxo qveyanaSi.ra aris transnacionaluri korporacia? es aris korporacia, romlis mflobeloba,menejmenti warmoeba da saqmianobebi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSia da sxvadasxvasaxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis farglebSia moqceuli. mas gaaCnia saTavo ofisi erTsaxelmwifoSi da filialebi sxva saxelmwifoebSi. korporaciis ZiriTadi mizaniamsoflio bazrebisTvis saqonlis maqsimalurad dabal fasSi warmoeba. am miznis miRwevaSesaZlebelia produqciis warmoebisaTvis yvelaze warmatebuli adgilis SerCeviT anmaspinZeli saxelmwifosagan sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis miRebiT.transnacionalur korporaciebs gaaCniaT gamorCeuli menejeruli niWi, finansurisaSualebebi da teqnikuri resursebi, da isini ewevian udides saqmianobas koordinirebuliglobaluri startegiis farglebSi. mravalnacionaluri korporaciebi,gilpinis azriT, cdiloben ganavrcon da gaimagron sabazro poziciebi korporaciuligadawyvetilebebis miRebis vertikaluri integraciisa da centralizaciis gziT.jeneral motorsi, daimler kraisleri, toiota, <strong>for</strong>d motori, nestle da sxv. tipiurimagaliTebia (The Political Economy of International Relations, Robert Gilpin, Princeton UniversityPress, Princeton 1987).aseTi korporaciebi ekonomikuri urTierTobebis internacionalizaciis yvelazeTvalsaCino movlenaa. arsebiTad, es aris kapitalis gatanis erT-erTi <strong>for</strong>ma.miuxedavad imisa, rom transacionaluri korporaciebi intensiurad me-20 saukunis 60-iani wlebidan vrceldeba, maT winamorbedebi gaaCndaT. maTi ricxvi sul ufro da ufroizrdeba, jer daiwyo aSS-is korporaciebis raodenobis zrda, Semdeg dasavleTevropisa da iaponiis. meoce sukunis bolosaTvis ki transnacionaluri korporaciebihqondaT ara mxolod maRalganviTarebul qveynebs, aramed mesame samyaros qveynebsac,gansakuTrebiT laTinuri amerikis da Soreuli aRmosavleTis.es korporaciebi dRes TiTqmis yvela dargSia. isini gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisaganara mxolod imiT, Tu ras awarmoeben, aramed imiTac, Tu rogor awarmoeben,teqnologiis doniT, menejmentis stiliT da maTi produqciis bazris struqturiT.menejmenti da marketingi aseT korporaciebSi xSirad Sereulia (saerTaSoriso). erT anramdenime qveyanaSi marketingis Sedegad produqcia iyideba mTel msoflioSi.umetes SemTxvevaSi, transnacionaluri korporaciebi ramodenime qveynis iurisdiqciaseqvemdebareba, rac aZnelebs maT gakontrolebas erTi konkretuli saxelmwifosmier.transnacionaluri korporaciebi SeiZleba daiyos Semdegi maxasiTeblebis mixedviT:maTi sidide, maTi filialebis raodenoba, saqmianobis tipi (mopovebiTi, samrewvelo,momsaxureba/servisi, turizmi, sastumroebi, dazRveva, finansebi, transporti,Sereuli, sasoflo-sameurneo), ucxour filialebTan kavSiris tipi, anu rogorsakuTrebaSia — mTliani, nawilobrivi, erToblivi. mravalnacionalur korporaciebSigamoirCeva sami tipi, romlebic gansxvavdeba mSobeli da filialis kontrolisproporciebiT, dominirebis xasiaTiTa da xarisxiT.• pirveli tipis transnacionaluri korporaciebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mSoblismiznebisaTvis yvelaferis daqvemdebareba. umetesad transnacionalurikorporaciebi amjobineben srul mflobelobas, romelic filialebze maqsimalurkontrols niSnavs. am korporaciebis erT-erTi umTavresi niSania moqnilobada mobiluroba. Tanamedrove tendenciaa swored aseTi korporaciebisgavrceleba. isini yvelaze momgebiania, Tumca vinaidan am tipis korporaciebismiznebi xSir SemTxvevaSi ewinaaRmdegeba mimRebi saxelmwifoebis miznebs, esxSirad konfliqtebis mizezi xdeba;• meore tipis transnacionaluri korporaciebis filialebi garkveuli damoukideblobiT,avtonomiiT sargebloben. isini ufro metad iTvaliswineben daeqvemdebarebian mimRebi saxelmwifos iurisdiqcias da, Sesabamisad, naklebadSedian masTan konfliqtSi;• mesame tipis transnacionaluri korporaciebi Zalian gansxvavdeba pirveliorisagan. mis menejmentSi ar aris romelime erovnebis upiratesoba, filialebi49
- Page 1: socialur mecnierebaTa seriasaerTaSo
- Page 4 and 5: SesavalisaerTaSoriso urTierTobebis
- Page 6 and 7: saerTaSoriso politikuri ekonomiissa
- Page 8 and 9: nawili Tvlis, rom saerTaSoriso ekon
- Page 10 and 11: nawilia, romlis dominanturi wevrebi
- Page 12 and 13: aul prebiSiraul prebiSi daibada arg
- Page 14 and 15: saxelmwifos dasustebisa da axali he
- Page 16 and 17: marSalis gegmamarSalis gegma oficia
- Page 18 and 19: safinanso-savaluto urTierTobebimeor
- Page 20 and 21: marSalis gegma, romlis farglebSic T
- Page 22 and 23: 2004 wels msoflio bankma gasca 20,1
- Page 24 and 25: vaWroba mxolod ganviTarebuli da Zli
- Page 26 and 27: • upirobo TanamSromloba yvela wev
- Page 28 and 29: saxedidan, ekonomistebi ukve amtkic
- Page 30 and 31: mesame samyaros gaCena daekonomikur
- Page 32 and 33: moaxerxa aseTi swrafi tempebiT ganv
- Page 34 and 35: susti qveynis finansuri daqvemdebar
- Page 36 and 37: 1970 wlebSi dasavleTma da iaponiam
- Page 38 and 39: aSS-Si energokrizisis daZlevis mizn
- Page 40 and 41: ver iqneboda) ar Camouvardeboda da,
- Page 42 and 43: warmoSobs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ga
- Page 44 and 45: sxvadasxva kuTxeSi radikalurad gans
- Page 46 and 47: gasasvleli hqondeT. aqedan gamomdin
- Page 50 and 51: praqtikulad im qveynebs ekuTvnian,
- Page 52 and 53: kalurad integrirebuli transnacional
- Page 54 and 55: wlebSi iseTma prokapitalisturma qve
- Page 56 and 57: 1946 wels didi britaneTis yofili pr
- Page 58 and 59: mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba erTmaneT
- Page 60 and 61: saWiro. magram vinaidan es ase ar a
- Page 62 and 63: wlamde aSS-ma 9,6 trilioni dolari d
- Page 64 and 65: samsaxurebis SeTavazebas. saerTaSor
- Page 66 and 67: internet resursebi:www.mitpress.mit
- Page 68 and 69: Dependency theory developed in the
- Page 70 and 71: currency.Further, the course descri
- Page 72 and 73: analyses give an understanding of d
- Page 74: securities at most. Therefore, each