HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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[esti del. Industriski reaktori umot za ladewe, potoa temperaturnite zavisnosti za toplinskite kapaciteti (kako {to se zadadeni), dodeka za specifi~nata povr{ina na toplinska razmena, za sumata na toplinite na reakciite i za sumata na proizvodite FiCP,i se zamenuva kako {to sledi: ncevkiDcevka L 4 aW ; 2 n ( D / 4) L D sloj a cevki 0, 041 cevka ( 1 ) 1923 ( 1 W P 4 1057, 65 sloj 0, 45) 0, 0922 m cevka 1057, 65 2 /kg kat . sloj kg/m Zabele{ka: Za prvata simulacija se izbrani cevki so vnatre{en dijametar D = 0,041 m i dolìna L = 15 m. 6 i1 i 2 j 1 ( H r, j )( rA, j ) ( H r, 1)( rA, 1) ( H r, 2 )( rA 106000 r 1325000 r ; F C F C F C F C F C F C F P, i A P, A B P, B C P, C D P, D W P, W N P, N So site zameni ravenkata (12) }e izgleda vaka: dT dW 6 i1 1 500 0, 0922( 505 T ) ( 106000 r1 1325000 r2 ) . (13) i P, i C Zabele{ka: Vo ravenkata (13) za koeficientot na prenos na toplina e zameneta vrednosta U = 500 kJ/(m 2 ·h·K). Bidej}i ovoj podatok ne e zadaden, negovata vrednost e proceneta na sledniov na~in: vo ovaa varijanta se razgleduva proces so kislorod od vozduh i so ladewe so medium {to ne e voda (nekoe maslo, na primer kerozin). Se smeta deka razmenata na toplina e pomalku efikasna otkolku koga kako medium se koristi voda. Zatoa za koeficientot na prenos na toplina e pretpostavena poniska vrednost otkolku vo varijantata 1. F 2 3 ; , 2 ) C . 525
Sistemot diferencijalni ravenki (11), zaedno so diferencijalnata ravenka na toplinskiot bilans (13), se re{ava so solverot za diferencijalni ravenki od softverskiot paket POLYMATH. Kon ovie ravenki se dodavaat site drugi potrebni ravenki i izrazi. Kako krajna granica za re{avawe na ravenkite se zadava koli~ina katalizator Wfinal = W kat.sloj = 20000 kg. Ovaa vrednost e dobiena so presmetka na koli~inata katalizator smesten vo site 1000 cevki: 526 W V n ( 0, 785 D ) L W kat kat kat sloj cevki 2 1000 ( 0, 785 0, 041 ) 151057, 65 20934kg Programata, rezultatite i grafi~kiot prikaz na site Fi(W), T(W), r1(W) i r2(W) dobieni so POLYMATH se dadeni podolu. POLYMATH Results Calculated values of the DEQ variables Variable initial value minimal value maximal value final value W 0 0 2.0E+04 2.0E+04 Fa 500 354.29709 500 354.29709 Fb 250 115.77332 250 115.77332 Fc 0 0 121.15282 121.15282 Fd 0 0 49.100178 49.100178 Fw 0 0 49.100178 49.100178 T 533 522.30171 598.12849 522.30171 k1 0.001175 7.484E-04 0.012937 7.484E-04 k2 8.028E-04 7.404E-04 0.0012344 7.404E-04 Fto 1750 1750 1750 1750 Ft 1750 1689.4236 1750 1689.4236 Po 10 10 10 10 P 10 10 10 10 To 533 533 533 533 Fao 500 500 500 500 pa 2.8571429 2.0971478 2.8571429 2.0971478 pb 1.4285714 0.685283 1.4285714 0.685283 r2 0.0020645 5.049E-04 0.0023222 5.049E-04 r1 0.0021151 7.447E-04 0.0182047 7.447E-04 rc 0.0021151 7.447E-04 0.0182047 7.447E-04 ra 0.0041795 0.0012497 0.0200933 0.0012497 rb 0.007251 0.0018871 0.0148976 0.0018871 rd 0.004129 0.0010098 0.0046444 0.0010098 vo 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55 rw 0.004129 0.0010098 0.0046444 0.0010098 Cpn 30.42908 30.388854 30.674087 30.388854 2 sloj
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HEMISKI REAKTORI 3 Zbirka re{eni za
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Skopje, 2010
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Predgovor . . . Hemiskiot reaktor e
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lot da se stekne so ve{tina da gi k
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~ite }e mu ovozmoì preku niv da go
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5. TOPLINSKI BILANSI ..............
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XIV êtvrti del IDEALEN CEVEN REAKT
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Zada~a 4. Adijabatski PBR so pretho
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1. STEHIOMETRIJA 1.1. Prost reakcio
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Prv del. Definicii, koncepti, stehi
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2. TOPLINA NA REAKCIJA I HEMISKA RA
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3. IZRAZI ZA BRZINA NA REAKCIJA 3.1
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Molskite koncentracii vklu~eni vo b
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kako ravenkata (52). Razlikata e vo
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Ravenkite za dizajn na cevniot reak
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Ravenkata za dizajn na ceven reakto
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Za presmetka na brojot na reaktorit
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28 Po~eten uslov za re{avawe na sis
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Toplinski bilansi za adijabatska ra
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32 T H ( r ) V r A a, vlez Ta, vle
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Toplinski bilansi za izotermna rabo
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Osnovnata ravenka na toplinskiot bi
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38 H / L Q q dz Ua ( T T ) dz ;
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Vtor del [arèn reaktor
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Re{enie: a) Za izotermna rabota na
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POLYMATH Results Calculated values
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Explicit equations as entered by th
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Jasno e deka vremeto potrebno za re
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Zada~a 2 64 [arèn reaktor i CSTR s
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Rezultatot e deka so eden {arèn re
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Vo ravenkata za dizajn (48) gi zame
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a) Brojot na {arìte koj }e go obez
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Kone~nata forma na brzinskiot izraz
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76 Mi % (w/w) 1 3 Cio smesa kmol/m
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Re{enie: Samo so primena na ravenka
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data e so sè pomali temperaturni r
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) Za varijantata na razmena na topl
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( H r )( rA ) V TW , vlez T
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Vkupnata koli~ina toplina {to }e se
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) Za presmetka na vremeto na reakci
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( 1 X ) To C A C Ao ; (1) ( 1 0, 5
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11620 X T To . (6) 38, 73 12, 91X
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96 t r t r C P dP dP C Ao ; 0, 5(
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a) Od kineti~kite podatoci da se op
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100 C C W n C Wo / V Wo W rastvor
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A B ; ( rA) k1C A k2C B ; 7 1 k
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) Vremeto na reakcija za 80% konver
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presmetki za izotermna rabota na re
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Zada~a 1 Hidrogenacija na etilen vo
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Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rezer
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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POLYMATH Results Tret del. Proto~en
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F F X X A1 B1 1 1 Tret del. Proto~e
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C B2 0, 1056 F F X 2 A2 B2 2 Tre
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Zada~a 8 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor
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Explicit equations [1] R = 0 [2] T
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X * XMB XEB X*; XMB; XEB 1 0.8 0.6
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XMB XEB 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Zada~a 10
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( C C A1 ( C C A2 ( C C A3 A Tret d
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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Zada~a 15 Tret del. Proto~en reakto
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C C C C Bo Bo Wo Wo Tret del. Proto
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dT dt Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od
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Zada~a 1 Endotermna reakcija vo gas
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êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reaktor
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Re{enie: êtvrti del. Idealen ceven
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A (NO) B (O2) C (NO2) I (N2) êtvrt
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X 0 0, 2 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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Re{enie: a) Izotermna rabota: êtvr
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T (K) k (T) izraz (4) êtvrti del.
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( r êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reak
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0,22 êtvrti del. Idealen ceven rea
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Zada~a 16 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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V PFR k F Ao êtvrti del. Idealen c
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Ropt=1,5 Vmin=1884litri êtvrti del
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Petti del Kataliti~ki reaktor so fi
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ili 318 - diferencijalen oblik, kak
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Od izve{tajot i od rezultatite od p
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Grafi~ka prezentacija na site rezul
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Ponatamu podgotvuvame brzinski izra
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Zada~a 3 326 Reakcija vo gasna faza
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Iako brzinskiot izraz e prili~no go
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330 Fio Fi() Fi(X) pi = yiP = (Fi/F
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332 A FAo B Bo Fio Fi() Fi(X) F 2F
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Ako reakcijata se odviva vo pove}ec
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Isto taka, dobro e da znaeme kolku
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Prvo, brzinskiot izraz se pi{uva vo
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340 Yexp X Ycalc 6087E-12 0.105 8.0
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Re{enie: Rabota so razmena na topli
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344 dT dV dT dT dT FT CP 65, 9 6,
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Kako {to moè da se vidi od dobieni
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Komentari: 1) So adijabatska rabota
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za KC(T) se dobiva sledniov izraz:
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352 W (kg) W (kg) (-rA) = f(W) W (k
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354 - toplina na reakcijata: Hr = 1
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356 dT dV ( H r )( r C A ) smes
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358 Potrebniot broj reaktorski cevk
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360 C TS r a, T kT pT Cv K
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364 Za brzinski izraz preku konverz
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366 0, 2 0 h f ( X ) dX 3 0, 2 0
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368 Sega go pi{uvame bilansot na ak
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Re{avawe na ravenkata (8) zna~i pre
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Analizata za razli~ni vrednosti na
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Re{enie: 1) Ravenkata za dizajn na
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[8] Po = (1-X)*P/(2-X) [9] Ph = (1-
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1 ( rO ) f ( W ) ili D f ( X )
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380 f 9, 375 ( 1, 75 0, 0585 ?) 9
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Za da zaklu~ime dali ovoj volumen e
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pritisokot i konverzijata. Zavisnos
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k 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.1
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[esti del Industriski reaktori
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392 - vlez vo reaktorot: T C o 650
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Izleznata konverzija normalno raste
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gramata se vnesuvaat ovie dve raven
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Toplinskiot bilans vo ovoj slu~aj }
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400 X 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 2 3 4 5
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402 1060 1032 T(K) X 1004 976 948 9
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Zada~a 2 404 Piroliza na etan do et
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406 C A C Ao ( 1 X ) ; ( 1 0, 6X )
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408 X 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 900 950 1
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T 1053 930.72495 1053 930.72495 FAo
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sokot, potoa podatokot za konstante
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Za vrednosti na Re-brojot pome|u 30
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416 V (m 3 ) P(V) V (m 3 ) X(T) T (
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eaktorot: dali toa }e bide izotermn
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2) Da se povtori re{enieto pod 1),
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e{avawe na zada~ata da se koristi p
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ni ravenki, (5), (6) i (7), zavisno
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Ramnoteà: Za da se kompletira slik
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Explicit equations [1] Feo = 0.0034
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432 T (K) Presek na ramnote`na i ad
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cionen mehanizam koj, pokraj glavna
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436 - vodorod, H: - benzen, B: - et
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Za da se re{i sistemot od 7+1 difer
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440 FE(V) Promena na molskite proto
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442 F F F F F F F E FEo 1) 1 ( 1
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enzen izvedena pod dadenite uslovi
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- toplinski kapaciteti na reaktanto
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dX (rA ) . (3) dW FAo Ravenkata (3
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FAo 20 20 20 20 T 527.23 527.23 812
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2) Novata varijanta na adijabatskat
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454 C P, A F C i H r C P, i P, B
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Zna~i, so ovaa varijanta razreduvaw
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segment }e treba da se presmetuva p
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dodeka izrazite za molskite koncent
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Toi 650.66442 650.66442 650.66442 6
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Sedmiot segment: POLYMATH Results C
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470 X 0.4 0.32 0.24 0.16 0.08 0 500
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Zada~a 5 472 Proizvodstvo na glukon
Page 491 and 492: 30 24 / 144 5 . Zna~i, na po~etok
Page 493 and 494: T a b e l a 1 Po~etok na ciklus 10
Page 495 and 496: 478 Vmax / K m 1 5 3 k 0, 016 h
Page 497 and 498: te~nata reakciona smesa se odrùva
Page 499 and 500: 482 r r , r , 1 r , 2 r , 3 C
Page 501 and 502: azot za vkupno sozdadena kiselina (
Page 503 and 504: 486 CB(t) CM(t) t (s) t (s) t (s) A
Page 505 and 506: Zada~a 7 488 Kataliti~ka oksidacija
Page 507 and 508: 490 dX dW ( rA ) F1 ( X , T ) (2)
Page 509 and 510: Podolu se izve{taite i grafi~kite p
Page 511 and 512: K2 13.126279 5.2903007 13.126279 5.
Page 513 and 514: Reakcioniot plan pretstavuva grafik
Page 515 and 516: 498 Podatoci potrebni za re{avawe n
Page 517 and 518: nosno ravenka za dizajn (preku konv
Page 519 and 520: 0, 01094 kmol ( rA ) k 0, 425 P ; P
Page 521 and 522: - proizvod od koeficientot na preno
Page 523 and 524: 506 - Drugite podatoci se: sloj 5
Page 525 and 526: 508 X(W) W (kg) Zavisnost konverzij
Page 527 and 528: temperatura dava podobar efekt i vo
Page 529 and 530: Bidej}i reakcijata e egzotermna so
Page 531 and 532: 514 - Kinetika r ( r k r k 1 1 2 2
Page 533 and 534: 516 k k r k k 1 1 1 2 2 2 dF C dV d
Page 535 and 536: So solverot za diferencijalni raven
Page 537 and 538: na koncentracijata na kislorodot. T
Page 539 and 540: 522 Varijanta 2. Proces so kislorod
Page 541: Ravenka za dizajn na PBR: Ravenkata
Page 545 and 546: 528 FA(W) FB(W) FC(W) W (kg) FD(W);
Page 547 and 548: POLYMATH Results Calculated values
Page 549 and 550: Ravenkite {to treba da se kombinira
Page 551 and 552: vo 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55
Page 553 and 554: 536 r2(W) r1(W) Grafik na zavisnost
Page 555 and 556: Y = 1 7, 077 ( 1 0, 45) ( 1 0, 4
Page 557 and 558: 540 r2(W) r1(W) W (kg) Grafik na za
Page 559 and 560: 1 ( rA ) 1 r1 k1 p A pB kmol/(kg
Page 561 and 562: 544 Za specifi~nata povr{ina se zam
Page 563 and 564: na toplina i za protokot na vodata
Page 565 and 566: Cpa 44.257982 44.257982 65.187219 5
Page 567 and 568: Na prviot grafik ne e pretstavena z
Page 569 and 570: 552 Da se presmetaat i analiziraat
Page 571 and 572: FMo 9, 07 3 CMo 0, 169 kmol/m .
Page 573 and 574: povtorno treba da se re{at ravenkat
Page 575 and 576: da se odviva taka vleznata temperat
Page 577 and 578: 560 ~ , i iC P 35 12, 518 0, 05
Page 579 and 580: Vremeto na nestacionarniot period n
Page 581 and 582: 564 C C C Ao Bo Mo F F Ao o Bo
Page 583 and 584: Kako {to se gleda od dobienite rezu
Page 585 and 586: Zada~a 11 568 Proizvodstvo na akril
Page 587 and 588: na izreagiran propilen (AK/P 0,82-
Page 589 and 590: se dobivaat preku stehiometriskite
Page 591 and 592: Granicite za re{avawe na ravenkite
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578 T(V) Grafik 2. Promena na tempe
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turata e T 520 K. Vo ovaa presmetk
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smesa moè da se izrazi preku edins
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inerti i amonijak. Koga vtoroto e s
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586 k1 pC 2 R 0 K P ( atm ) ; (
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duvanata reakcija. Ovaa operacija t
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I dvata grafika, 2 i 3, pokaùvaat
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( r A 592 F C F F F F To T T F
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Sledniot ~ekor e da se sostavat mol
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na i specifi~nata povr{ina na topli
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[5] k1 = 1.79*(10^4)*exp(-20800/1.9
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Stepen na konverzija na azot Stepen
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602 1) UaV = 25000 kJ/(m 3 ·h·K)
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LITERATURA 1. Levenspiel, Octave, C
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ISBN 978-608-65044-3-4
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HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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