HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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Stepen na konverzija na N2 Stepen na konverzija na N2 X X 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 [esti del. Industriski reaktori X-T reakcionen plan; A/B/C/I=1/3/0/0; P=200 (atm) 0 300 440 580 720 860 1000 Temperatura (K) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 R=0,001 X * (T) R=0,01 T (K) Grafik 2. Reakcionen plan, A/B/C/I = 1/3/0/0; P = 200 atm X-T reakcionen plan; A/B/C/I=23/69/4/4; P=286(atm) X * (T) R=0,01 R=0,1 R=0,1 R=1,0 R=1,0 R=5,0 R=5 R=10 R=100 0 300 440 580 720 860 1000 Temperatura (K) T (K) R=10 R=50 R=100 Grafik 3. Reakcionen plan, A/B/C/I = 1/3/0,174/0,174; P = 286 atm 589
I dvata grafika, 2 i 3, pokaùvaat deka lokusot na maksimumite na brzinite e mnogu blisku do ramnote`nata linija. Izvesnata razlika pome|u dvata reakcioni plana, iako nezna~itelna, e rezultat i na vlijanieto na pritisokot i na vlijanieto na sostavot kako vrz brzinata na reakcijata taka i vrz ramnote`nata sostojba! 2) Presmetka na reaktorot za sinteza na amonijak i analiza na re{enijata Otkako se pretstaveni ramnoteàta i kinetikata na procesot, vo ovoj del od zada~ata, a soglasno so izbranata konfiguracija na reaktorot so avtotermi~ka rabota, moè da se izvedat presmetki vo smisla da se dokaàt literaturni podatoci za procesot i da se analiziraat vlijanijata na relevantnite promenlivi vrz performansata na reaktorot. Podatocite {to }e se koristat za presmetkite se dadeni podolu. 1) Sostav na smesata so reaktanti (molski %): azot/vodorod/amonijak/inerti = A/B/C/I = 23/69/4/4. 2) Temperatura na vlezot vo katalizatorskiot sloj: 590 T T 421 C o 694K. o V 0 Ovaa temperatura e i temperaturata do koja smesata se zagreva dvièj}i se oddolu sprema gore vo cevkite postaveni vo slojot od katalizatorot. 3) Spored procesni (literaturni) podatoci, maksimalnata promena na temperaturata na reakcionata smesa vo katalizatorskiot sloj e okolu 100 K, dodeka smesata so reaktanti se zagreva za okolu 200 K. Ovie podatoci }e bidat koristeni za analiza na promenata na temperaturite {to }e se dobijat so presmetkite za ovie dve strui. 4) Vo slu~aj koga odnosot na dijametarot i visinata na katalizatorskiot sloj e mnogu mal, padot na pritisokot niz slojot se zanemaruva. Vo presmetkite {to sledat za pritisokot se zema vrednosta P = 286 atm. 5) Podatoci za reaktorot: – volumen na katalizatorskiot sloj, Vkat = 4,07 m 3 ; – povr{ina na napre~en presek na slojot, Akat = 0,78 m 2 ; – visina na slojot, L = 5,18 m;
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HEMISKI REAKTORI 3 Zbirka re{eni za
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Skopje, 2010
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Predgovor . . . Hemiskiot reaktor e
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lot da se stekne so ve{tina da gi k
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~ite }e mu ovozmoì preku niv da go
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5. TOPLINSKI BILANSI ..............
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XIV êtvrti del IDEALEN CEVEN REAKT
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Zada~a 4. Adijabatski PBR so pretho
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1. STEHIOMETRIJA 1.1. Prost reakcio
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Prv del. Definicii, koncepti, stehi
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2. TOPLINA NA REAKCIJA I HEMISKA RA
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3. IZRAZI ZA BRZINA NA REAKCIJA 3.1
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Molskite koncentracii vklu~eni vo b
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kako ravenkata (52). Razlikata e vo
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Ravenkite za dizajn na cevniot reak
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Ravenkata za dizajn na ceven reakto
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Za presmetka na brojot na reaktorit
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28 Po~eten uslov za re{avawe na sis
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Toplinski bilansi za adijabatska ra
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32 T H ( r ) V r A a, vlez Ta, vle
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Toplinski bilansi za izotermna rabo
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Osnovnata ravenka na toplinskiot bi
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38 H / L Q q dz Ua ( T T ) dz ;
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Vtor del [arèn reaktor
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Re{enie: a) Za izotermna rabota na
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POLYMATH Results Calculated values
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Explicit equations as entered by th
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Jasno e deka vremeto potrebno za re
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Zada~a 2 64 [arèn reaktor i CSTR s
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Rezultatot e deka so eden {arèn re
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Vo ravenkata za dizajn (48) gi zame
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a) Brojot na {arìte koj }e go obez
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Kone~nata forma na brzinskiot izraz
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76 Mi % (w/w) 1 3 Cio smesa kmol/m
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Re{enie: Samo so primena na ravenka
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data e so sè pomali temperaturni r
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) Za varijantata na razmena na topl
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( H r )( rA ) V TW , vlez T
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Vkupnata koli~ina toplina {to }e se
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) Za presmetka na vremeto na reakci
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( 1 X ) To C A C Ao ; (1) ( 1 0, 5
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11620 X T To . (6) 38, 73 12, 91X
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96 t r t r C P dP dP C Ao ; 0, 5(
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a) Od kineti~kite podatoci da se op
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100 C C W n C Wo / V Wo W rastvor
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A B ; ( rA) k1C A k2C B ; 7 1 k
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) Vremeto na reakcija za 80% konver
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presmetki za izotermna rabota na re
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Zada~a 1 Hidrogenacija na etilen vo
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Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rezer
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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POLYMATH Results Tret del. Proto~en
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F F X X A1 B1 1 1 Tret del. Proto~e
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C B2 0, 1056 F F X 2 A2 B2 2 Tre
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Zada~a 8 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor
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Explicit equations [1] R = 0 [2] T
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X * XMB XEB X*; XMB; XEB 1 0.8 0.6
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XMB XEB 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Zada~a 10
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( C C A1 ( C C A2 ( C C A3 A Tret d
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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Zada~a 15 Tret del. Proto~en reakto
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C C C C Bo Bo Wo Wo Tret del. Proto
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dT dt Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od
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Zada~a 1 Endotermna reakcija vo gas
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êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reaktor
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Re{enie: êtvrti del. Idealen ceven
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A (NO) B (O2) C (NO2) I (N2) êtvrt
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X 0 0, 2 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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Re{enie: a) Izotermna rabota: êtvr
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T (K) k (T) izraz (4) êtvrti del.
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( r êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reak
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0,22 êtvrti del. Idealen ceven rea
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Zada~a 16 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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V PFR k F Ao êtvrti del. Idealen c
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Ropt=1,5 Vmin=1884litri êtvrti del
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Petti del Kataliti~ki reaktor so fi
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ili 318 - diferencijalen oblik, kak
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Od izve{tajot i od rezultatite od p
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Grafi~ka prezentacija na site rezul
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Ponatamu podgotvuvame brzinski izra
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Zada~a 3 326 Reakcija vo gasna faza
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Iako brzinskiot izraz e prili~no go
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330 Fio Fi() Fi(X) pi = yiP = (Fi/F
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332 A FAo B Bo Fio Fi() Fi(X) F 2F
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Ako reakcijata se odviva vo pove}ec
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Isto taka, dobro e da znaeme kolku
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Prvo, brzinskiot izraz se pi{uva vo
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340 Yexp X Ycalc 6087E-12 0.105 8.0
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Re{enie: Rabota so razmena na topli
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344 dT dV dT dT dT FT CP 65, 9 6,
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Kako {to moè da se vidi od dobieni
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Komentari: 1) So adijabatska rabota
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za KC(T) se dobiva sledniov izraz:
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352 W (kg) W (kg) (-rA) = f(W) W (k
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354 - toplina na reakcijata: Hr = 1
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356 dT dV ( H r )( r C A ) smes
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358 Potrebniot broj reaktorski cevk
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360 C TS r a, T kT pT Cv K
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364 Za brzinski izraz preku konverz
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366 0, 2 0 h f ( X ) dX 3 0, 2 0
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368 Sega go pi{uvame bilansot na ak
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Re{avawe na ravenkata (8) zna~i pre
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Analizata za razli~ni vrednosti na
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Re{enie: 1) Ravenkata za dizajn na
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[8] Po = (1-X)*P/(2-X) [9] Ph = (1-
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1 ( rO ) f ( W ) ili D f ( X )
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380 f 9, 375 ( 1, 75 0, 0585 ?) 9
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Za da zaklu~ime dali ovoj volumen e
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pritisokot i konverzijata. Zavisnos
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k 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.1
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[esti del Industriski reaktori
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392 - vlez vo reaktorot: T C o 650
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Izleznata konverzija normalno raste
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gramata se vnesuvaat ovie dve raven
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Toplinskiot bilans vo ovoj slu~aj }
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400 X 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 2 3 4 5
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402 1060 1032 T(K) X 1004 976 948 9
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Zada~a 2 404 Piroliza na etan do et
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406 C A C Ao ( 1 X ) ; ( 1 0, 6X )
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408 X 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 900 950 1
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T 1053 930.72495 1053 930.72495 FAo
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sokot, potoa podatokot za konstante
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Za vrednosti na Re-brojot pome|u 30
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416 V (m 3 ) P(V) V (m 3 ) X(T) T (
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eaktorot: dali toa }e bide izotermn
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2) Da se povtori re{enieto pod 1),
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e{avawe na zada~ata da se koristi p
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ni ravenki, (5), (6) i (7), zavisno
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Ramnoteà: Za da se kompletira slik
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Explicit equations [1] Feo = 0.0034
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432 T (K) Presek na ramnote`na i ad
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cionen mehanizam koj, pokraj glavna
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436 - vodorod, H: - benzen, B: - et
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Za da se re{i sistemot od 7+1 difer
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440 FE(V) Promena na molskite proto
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442 F F F F F F F E FEo 1) 1 ( 1
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enzen izvedena pod dadenite uslovi
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- toplinski kapaciteti na reaktanto
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dX (rA ) . (3) dW FAo Ravenkata (3
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FAo 20 20 20 20 T 527.23 527.23 812
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2) Novata varijanta na adijabatskat
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454 C P, A F C i H r C P, i P, B
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Zna~i, so ovaa varijanta razreduvaw
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segment }e treba da se presmetuva p
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dodeka izrazite za molskite koncent
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Toi 650.66442 650.66442 650.66442 6
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Sedmiot segment: POLYMATH Results C
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470 X 0.4 0.32 0.24 0.16 0.08 0 500
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Zada~a 5 472 Proizvodstvo na glukon
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30 24 / 144 5 . Zna~i, na po~etok
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T a b e l a 1 Po~etok na ciklus 10
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478 Vmax / K m 1 5 3 k 0, 016 h
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te~nata reakciona smesa se odrùva
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482 r r , r , 1 r , 2 r , 3 C
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azot za vkupno sozdadena kiselina (
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486 CB(t) CM(t) t (s) t (s) t (s) A
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Zada~a 7 488 Kataliti~ka oksidacija
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490 dX dW ( rA ) F1 ( X , T ) (2)
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Podolu se izve{taite i grafi~kite p
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K2 13.126279 5.2903007 13.126279 5.
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Reakcioniot plan pretstavuva grafik
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498 Podatoci potrebni za re{avawe n
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nosno ravenka za dizajn (preku konv
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0, 01094 kmol ( rA ) k 0, 425 P ; P
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- proizvod od koeficientot na preno
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506 - Drugite podatoci se: sloj 5
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508 X(W) W (kg) Zavisnost konverzij
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temperatura dava podobar efekt i vo
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Bidej}i reakcijata e egzotermna so
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514 - Kinetika r ( r k r k 1 1 2 2
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516 k k r k k 1 1 1 2 2 2 dF C dV d
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So solverot za diferencijalni raven
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na koncentracijata na kislorodot. T
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522 Varijanta 2. Proces so kislorod
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Ravenka za dizajn na PBR: Ravenkata
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Sistemot diferencijalni ravenki (11
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528 FA(W) FB(W) FC(W) W (kg) FD(W);
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Ravenkite {to treba da se kombinira
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vo 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55
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536 r2(W) r1(W) Grafik na zavisnost
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Page 557 and 558: 540 r2(W) r1(W) W (kg) Grafik na za
Page 559 and 560: 1 ( rA ) 1 r1 k1 p A pB kmol/(kg
Page 561 and 562: 544 Za specifi~nata povr{ina se zam
Page 563 and 564: na toplina i za protokot na vodata
Page 565 and 566: Cpa 44.257982 44.257982 65.187219 5
Page 567 and 568: Na prviot grafik ne e pretstavena z
Page 569 and 570: 552 Da se presmetaat i analiziraat
Page 571 and 572: FMo 9, 07 3 CMo 0, 169 kmol/m .
Page 573 and 574: povtorno treba da se re{at ravenkat
Page 575 and 576: da se odviva taka vleznata temperat
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Page 579 and 580: Vremeto na nestacionarniot period n
Page 581 and 582: 564 C C C Ao Bo Mo F F Ao o Bo
Page 583 and 584: Kako {to se gleda od dobienite rezu
Page 585 and 586: Zada~a 11 568 Proizvodstvo na akril
Page 587 and 588: na izreagiran propilen (AK/P 0,82-
Page 589 and 590: se dobivaat preku stehiometriskite
Page 591 and 592: Granicite za re{avawe na ravenkite
Page 593 and 594: POLYMATH Results Calculated values
Page 595 and 596: 578 T(V) Grafik 2. Promena na tempe
Page 597 and 598: turata e T 520 K. Vo ovaa presmetk
Page 599 and 600: smesa moè da se izrazi preku edins
Page 601 and 602: inerti i amonijak. Koga vtoroto e s
Page 603 and 604: 586 k1 pC 2 R 0 K P ( atm ) ; (
Page 605: duvanata reakcija. Ovaa operacija t
Page 609 and 610: ( r A 592 F C F F F F To T T F
Page 611 and 612: Sledniot ~ekor e da se sostavat mol
Page 613 and 614: na i specifi~nata povr{ina na topli
Page 615 and 616: [5] k1 = 1.79*(10^4)*exp(-20800/1.9
Page 617 and 618: Stepen na konverzija na azot Stepen
Page 619 and 620: 602 1) UaV = 25000 kJ/(m 3 ·h·K)
Page 622 and 623: LITERATURA 1. Levenspiel, Octave, C
Page 626: ISBN 978-608-65044-3-4
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HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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