HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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[esti del. Industriski reaktori Ravenka za dizajn na PBR: Reakcionit sistem e kompleksen so tri paralelni reakcii pome|u propilenot i kislorodot: prvata e oksidacijata na propilen do akrilna kiselina i voda, vtorata e oksidacijata na propilen do ocetna kiselina i voda i tretata e reakcijata na sogoruvawe na propilen do jagleroddioksid i voda. Zatoa ravenkata za dizajn }e ja pretstavuvaat molskite bilansi vo diferencijalna forma na site u~esnici vo reakciite. Soglasno so zadadenite kineti~ki podatoci, ravenkite }e gi opi{uvaat promenite na molskite protoci so polo`bata vo reaktorot izrazena preku volumenot na katalizatorskiot sloj. Sistemot diferencijalni ravenki na molskite bilansi zaedno so reakcionata stehiometrija e sledniot: dF dV P dF dV dF dF dF O dF dV dV C dV W dV AK OK r r P O r r r C r r r W AK OK P, 1 O, 1 r r r r C, 2 r r W , 1 P, 2 O, 2 AK, 1 OK, 2 r r C, 3 r r R W , 2 P, 3 O, 3 1 R 2 R 2 r ( R R 1 ( 1, 5R 2, 5R 4, 5R ) 3R W , 3 3 1 1 2 2 R 3 2 R R 3R Izrazite za brzinite na reakciite R1, R2 i R3 se zamenuvaat so ravenkite (1). Parcijalnite pritisoci na propilen i kislorod vo brzinskite izrazi se zamenuvaat so molskite protoci i pritisokot: FP pP P; FT FO pO P; FT P Po 10V (kPa), dodeka za vkupniot molski protok se dodava ravenkata: F F F F F F F F F . T i P O AK OK C 3 ) W 3 N (2) 573
Granicite za re{avawe na ravenkite (2) se vlezot i izlezot od reaktorot. Pritoa za vtorata granica – volumen na reaktorot, se zadavaat vrednosti, se dobivaat re{enija i tie se ocenuvaat spored literaturnite podatoci. Volumenot na reaktorot e onaa vrednost za vtorata granica so koja }e se dobie zadadenata vrednost za selektivnosta na reakciite i vkupnata konverzija na propilen. No ravenkite (2) ne moàt da se re{at bez toplinskite bilansi na reaktorot i mediumot za ladewe. Toplinski bilans na PBR: Reaktorot e od tipot pove}eceven so obvivka i raboti neizotermno neadijabtski. Ova zna~i deka toplinskiot bilans }e gi vklu~uva site ~lenovi (toplinata {to se nosi so strueweto na reakcionata smesa, toplinata {to se osloboduva so slu~uvaweto na reakciite i toplinata {to se razmenuva preku yidovite na cevkite so mediumot za ladewe). Toplinskiot bilans vo diferencijalna forma e slednava ravenka: 574 dT dV Ua V ( T a T ) i1 R j1 N F C i ( H P, i r, j )( r A, j ) . (3) Vo ravenkata (3) za sumata so toplinite na reakciite i za sumata na proizvodite FiCP,i se zamenuva kako {to sleduva: 3 j1 7 i1 F P ( H )( r ) ( H , 1)( r , 1) ( H , 2 )( r , 2 ) ( H , 2 )( r , 2 ); 3 j1 3 j1 F C C i P, P r, j P, j r P r P r P ( ) R ; H r, j )( rP, j ) ( H r, 1) R1 ( H r, 2 ) R2 ( H r, 3 ( H )( r ) 590000 R 1086000 R 1928000 R ; P, i F O r, j C P, O P, j F AK C P, AK F OK 1 C P, OK F C C P, C 2 F W C P, W 3 F 3 N C P, N
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HEMISKI REAKTORI 3 Zbirka re{eni za
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Skopje, 2010
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Predgovor . . . Hemiskiot reaktor e
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lot da se stekne so ve{tina da gi k
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~ite }e mu ovozmoì preku niv da go
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5. TOPLINSKI BILANSI ..............
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XIV êtvrti del IDEALEN CEVEN REAKT
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Zada~a 4. Adijabatski PBR so pretho
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1. STEHIOMETRIJA 1.1. Prost reakcio
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Prv del. Definicii, koncepti, stehi
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2. TOPLINA NA REAKCIJA I HEMISKA RA
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3. IZRAZI ZA BRZINA NA REAKCIJA 3.1
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Molskite koncentracii vklu~eni vo b
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kako ravenkata (52). Razlikata e vo
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Ravenkite za dizajn na cevniot reak
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Ravenkata za dizajn na ceven reakto
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Za presmetka na brojot na reaktorit
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28 Po~eten uslov za re{avawe na sis
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Toplinski bilansi za adijabatska ra
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32 T H ( r ) V r A a, vlez Ta, vle
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Toplinski bilansi za izotermna rabo
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Osnovnata ravenka na toplinskiot bi
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38 H / L Q q dz Ua ( T T ) dz ;
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Vtor del [arèn reaktor
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Re{enie: a) Za izotermna rabota na
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POLYMATH Results Calculated values
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Explicit equations as entered by th
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Jasno e deka vremeto potrebno za re
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Zada~a 2 64 [arèn reaktor i CSTR s
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Rezultatot e deka so eden {arèn re
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Vo ravenkata za dizajn (48) gi zame
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a) Brojot na {arìte koj }e go obez
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Kone~nata forma na brzinskiot izraz
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76 Mi % (w/w) 1 3 Cio smesa kmol/m
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Re{enie: Samo so primena na ravenka
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data e so sè pomali temperaturni r
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) Za varijantata na razmena na topl
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( H r )( rA ) V TW , vlez T
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Vkupnata koli~ina toplina {to }e se
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) Za presmetka na vremeto na reakci
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( 1 X ) To C A C Ao ; (1) ( 1 0, 5
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11620 X T To . (6) 38, 73 12, 91X
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96 t r t r C P dP dP C Ao ; 0, 5(
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a) Od kineti~kite podatoci da se op
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100 C C W n C Wo / V Wo W rastvor
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A B ; ( rA) k1C A k2C B ; 7 1 k
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) Vremeto na reakcija za 80% konver
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presmetki za izotermna rabota na re
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Zada~a 1 Hidrogenacija na etilen vo
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Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rezer
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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POLYMATH Results Tret del. Proto~en
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F F X X A1 B1 1 1 Tret del. Proto~e
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C B2 0, 1056 F F X 2 A2 B2 2 Tre
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Zada~a 8 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor
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Explicit equations [1] R = 0 [2] T
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X * XMB XEB X*; XMB; XEB 1 0.8 0.6
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XMB XEB 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Zada~a 10
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( C C A1 ( C C A2 ( C C A3 A Tret d
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1 Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od rez
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Zada~a 15 Tret del. Proto~en reakto
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C C C C Bo Bo Wo Wo Tret del. Proto
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dT dt Tret del. Proto~en reaktor od
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Zada~a 1 Endotermna reakcija vo gas
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êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reaktor
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Re{enie: êtvrti del. Idealen ceven
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A (NO) B (O2) C (NO2) I (N2) êtvrt
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X 0 0, 2 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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Re{enie: a) Izotermna rabota: êtvr
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T (K) k (T) izraz (4) êtvrti del.
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( r êtvrti del. Idealen ceven reak
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0,22 êtvrti del. Idealen ceven rea
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Zada~a 16 êtvrti del. Idealen ceve
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V PFR k F Ao êtvrti del. Idealen c
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Ropt=1,5 Vmin=1884litri êtvrti del
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Petti del Kataliti~ki reaktor so fi
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ili 318 - diferencijalen oblik, kak
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Od izve{tajot i od rezultatite od p
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Grafi~ka prezentacija na site rezul
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Ponatamu podgotvuvame brzinski izra
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Zada~a 3 326 Reakcija vo gasna faza
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Iako brzinskiot izraz e prili~no go
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330 Fio Fi() Fi(X) pi = yiP = (Fi/F
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332 A FAo B Bo Fio Fi() Fi(X) F 2F
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Ako reakcijata se odviva vo pove}ec
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Isto taka, dobro e da znaeme kolku
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Prvo, brzinskiot izraz se pi{uva vo
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340 Yexp X Ycalc 6087E-12 0.105 8.0
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Re{enie: Rabota so razmena na topli
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344 dT dV dT dT dT FT CP 65, 9 6,
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Kako {to moè da se vidi od dobieni
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Komentari: 1) So adijabatska rabota
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za KC(T) se dobiva sledniov izraz:
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352 W (kg) W (kg) (-rA) = f(W) W (k
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354 - toplina na reakcijata: Hr = 1
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356 dT dV ( H r )( r C A ) smes
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358 Potrebniot broj reaktorski cevk
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360 C TS r a, T kT pT Cv K
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364 Za brzinski izraz preku konverz
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366 0, 2 0 h f ( X ) dX 3 0, 2 0
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368 Sega go pi{uvame bilansot na ak
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Re{avawe na ravenkata (8) zna~i pre
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Analizata za razli~ni vrednosti na
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Re{enie: 1) Ravenkata za dizajn na
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[8] Po = (1-X)*P/(2-X) [9] Ph = (1-
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1 ( rO ) f ( W ) ili D f ( X )
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380 f 9, 375 ( 1, 75 0, 0585 ?) 9
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Za da zaklu~ime dali ovoj volumen e
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pritisokot i konverzijata. Zavisnos
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k 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.194E-05 3.1
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[esti del Industriski reaktori
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392 - vlez vo reaktorot: T C o 650
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Izleznata konverzija normalno raste
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gramata se vnesuvaat ovie dve raven
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Toplinskiot bilans vo ovoj slu~aj }
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400 X 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 2 3 4 5
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402 1060 1032 T(K) X 1004 976 948 9
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Zada~a 2 404 Piroliza na etan do et
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406 C A C Ao ( 1 X ) ; ( 1 0, 6X )
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408 X 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 900 950 1
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T 1053 930.72495 1053 930.72495 FAo
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sokot, potoa podatokot za konstante
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Za vrednosti na Re-brojot pome|u 30
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416 V (m 3 ) P(V) V (m 3 ) X(T) T (
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eaktorot: dali toa }e bide izotermn
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2) Da se povtori re{enieto pod 1),
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e{avawe na zada~ata da se koristi p
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ni ravenki, (5), (6) i (7), zavisno
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Ramnoteà: Za da se kompletira slik
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Explicit equations [1] Feo = 0.0034
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432 T (K) Presek na ramnote`na i ad
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cionen mehanizam koj, pokraj glavna
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436 - vodorod, H: - benzen, B: - et
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Za da se re{i sistemot od 7+1 difer
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440 FE(V) Promena na molskite proto
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442 F F F F F F F E FEo 1) 1 ( 1
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enzen izvedena pod dadenite uslovi
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- toplinski kapaciteti na reaktanto
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dX (rA ) . (3) dW FAo Ravenkata (3
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FAo 20 20 20 20 T 527.23 527.23 812
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2) Novata varijanta na adijabatskat
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454 C P, A F C i H r C P, i P, B
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Zna~i, so ovaa varijanta razreduvaw
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segment }e treba da se presmetuva p
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dodeka izrazite za molskite koncent
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Toi 650.66442 650.66442 650.66442 6
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Sedmiot segment: POLYMATH Results C
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470 X 0.4 0.32 0.24 0.16 0.08 0 500
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Zada~a 5 472 Proizvodstvo na glukon
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30 24 / 144 5 . Zna~i, na po~etok
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T a b e l a 1 Po~etok na ciklus 10
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478 Vmax / K m 1 5 3 k 0, 016 h
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te~nata reakciona smesa se odrùva
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482 r r , r , 1 r , 2 r , 3 C
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azot za vkupno sozdadena kiselina (
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486 CB(t) CM(t) t (s) t (s) t (s) A
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Zada~a 7 488 Kataliti~ka oksidacija
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490 dX dW ( rA ) F1 ( X , T ) (2)
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Podolu se izve{taite i grafi~kite p
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K2 13.126279 5.2903007 13.126279 5.
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Reakcioniot plan pretstavuva grafik
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498 Podatoci potrebni za re{avawe n
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nosno ravenka za dizajn (preku konv
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0, 01094 kmol ( rA ) k 0, 425 P ; P
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- proizvod od koeficientot na preno
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506 - Drugite podatoci se: sloj 5
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508 X(W) W (kg) Zavisnost konverzij
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temperatura dava podobar efekt i vo
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Bidej}i reakcijata e egzotermna so
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514 - Kinetika r ( r k r k 1 1 2 2
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516 k k r k k 1 1 1 2 2 2 dF C dV d
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So solverot za diferencijalni raven
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na koncentracijata na kislorodot. T
Page 539 and 540: 522 Varijanta 2. Proces so kislorod
Page 541 and 542: Ravenka za dizajn na PBR: Ravenkata
Page 543 and 544: Sistemot diferencijalni ravenki (11
Page 545 and 546: 528 FA(W) FB(W) FC(W) W (kg) FD(W);
Page 547 and 548: POLYMATH Results Calculated values
Page 549 and 550: Ravenkite {to treba da se kombinira
Page 551 and 552: vo 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55 7648.55
Page 553 and 554: 536 r2(W) r1(W) Grafik na zavisnost
Page 555 and 556: Y = 1 7, 077 ( 1 0, 45) ( 1 0, 4
Page 557 and 558: 540 r2(W) r1(W) W (kg) Grafik na za
Page 559 and 560: 1 ( rA ) 1 r1 k1 p A pB kmol/(kg
Page 561 and 562: 544 Za specifi~nata povr{ina se zam
Page 563 and 564: na toplina i za protokot na vodata
Page 565 and 566: Cpa 44.257982 44.257982 65.187219 5
Page 567 and 568: Na prviot grafik ne e pretstavena z
Page 569 and 570: 552 Da se presmetaat i analiziraat
Page 571 and 572: FMo 9, 07 3 CMo 0, 169 kmol/m .
Page 573 and 574: povtorno treba da se re{at ravenkat
Page 575 and 576: da se odviva taka vleznata temperat
Page 577 and 578: 560 ~ , i iC P 35 12, 518 0, 05
Page 579 and 580: Vremeto na nestacionarniot period n
Page 581 and 582: 564 C C C Ao Bo Mo F F Ao o Bo
Page 583 and 584: Kako {to se gleda od dobienite rezu
Page 585 and 586: Zada~a 11 568 Proizvodstvo na akril
Page 587 and 588: na izreagiran propilen (AK/P 0,82-
Page 589: se dobivaat preku stehiometriskite
Page 593 and 594: POLYMATH Results Calculated values
Page 595 and 596: 578 T(V) Grafik 2. Promena na tempe
Page 597 and 598: turata e T 520 K. Vo ovaa presmetk
Page 599 and 600: smesa moè da se izrazi preku edins
Page 601 and 602: inerti i amonijak. Koga vtoroto e s
Page 603 and 604: 586 k1 pC 2 R 0 K P ( atm ) ; (
Page 605 and 606: duvanata reakcija. Ovaa operacija t
Page 607 and 608: I dvata grafika, 2 i 3, pokaùvaat
Page 609 and 610: ( r A 592 F C F F F F To T T F
Page 611 and 612: Sledniot ~ekor e da se sostavat mol
Page 613 and 614: na i specifi~nata povr{ina na topli
Page 615 and 616: [5] k1 = 1.79*(10^4)*exp(-20800/1.9
Page 617 and 618: Stepen na konverzija na azot Stepen
Page 619 and 620: 602 1) UaV = 25000 kJ/(m 3 ·h·K)
Page 622 and 623: LITERATURA 1. Levenspiel, Octave, C
Page 626: ISBN 978-608-65044-3-4
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HEMISKI Zbirka re{eni zada~i REAKTORI 3

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