8th INTERNATIONAL WHEAT CONFERENCE

IdeNTIfICATIoN ANd dISTRIBuTIoN of The ALLeLeS
of PhoToPeRIod ANd VeRNALIzATIoN ReSPoNSeS
WheAT geNeS IN kAzAkhSTAN
A.S. Absattarova 1,2 , M. S. Röder 1 , S. Kollers 1 ,
A.I. Morgounov 3 , S. Kenjebaeva 4
1 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3,
06466 Gatersleben, Germany
2 Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, 1-Erlepesov str., Almalybak,
Almaty region, 040909, Kazakhstan
3 CIMMYT, Turkey
4 Kazakh National University named al-Farabi, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050038, Ka-
zakhstan.
E-mail: aabsattarova@mail.ru
Kazakhstan is one of the major grain producers and exporters in Central Asia. Wheat area
is about 12-13 million ha and wheat is grown in twelve regions of the Republic. Nine major
wheat agroecological zones have been recognized in Kazakhstan on the basis of different
wheat types, growing season, hydrothermic conditions and soil. CIMMYT performs selections
in four different mega-environments (ME) in Kazakhstan: ME6 (for spring wheat),
ME8 (for facultative wheat) and two MEs for winter wheat - ME10, ME12.
The biggest area sown by spring wheat in Kazakhstan applies to high latitude environment
and comprises the central and northern part of country (10 million ha). This environment
and the western Siberian wheat belt include 8 million ha.
To achieve geographical and environmental adaptability, it is important that wheat cultivars
flower at times that are appropriate to a particular environment. It is known that the
determination of flowering time in wheat is controlled by a complex group of genes for
photoperiod (Ppd), vernalization (Vrn) responses and earlieness per se genes (Eps).
Today there are many on-going applications of DNA markers in crop improvement and
research. The vernalization and photoperiod responses wheat genes markers are functional
markers. These markers were used in identification and distribution of Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1,
Vrn-D1, Vrn-B3 and Ppd-D1 genes in common wheat cultivars sown in Kazakhstan. A total
of 40 spring and 48 winter wheat cultivars released in Kazakhstan in different years, some
advanced breeding lines, 70 spring wheat accessions from 10-th KAZSIB (Kazakhstan and
Siberia Network) and 34 spring samples from CWANA-1st Stem Rust Resistance Spring
Bread Wheat Yield Trial with high yield selected in Kyrgyz Republic were characterized.
The accessions from 10-th KAZSIB Network include the best spring wheat samples
developed in 12 research institute of Kazakhstan and Siberia and tested in different agroecological
zones.
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