8th INTERNATIONAL WHEAT CONFERENCE

No TILLAge VS CoNVeNTIoNAL SySTem of WINTeR
WheAT CuLTIVATIoN WITh dIffeReNT N-RATe ANd WATeR
CoNdITIoNS
Wiesław Koziara, Hanna Sulewska,
Katarzyna Panasiewicz
Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
E-mail Address of presenting author: koziara@up.poznan.pl
High prices of the basic means of production, increasing energy demands and greater care
for the natural environment are sufficient reasons behind the search for new opportunities
in ploughland tillage. To achieve a balanced development of agriculture it is recommended
to decrease the intensity of land cultivation under crop rotation, and to introduce ploughless
tillage or even direct sowing.
The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of aborting pre-seeding tillage on
the growth and yield of winter wheat, considering a diverse range of water and fertilizer
conditions. The study involved the period between 2000 and 2010, at Złotniki (Poznań)
Experimental Station of the Poznań University of Life Sciences in Poland. The experimental
field soil was classified as being bonitation group IVa and IVb, complex 5 (good
rye). The field experiments were made using a split-plot system in 4 replications.
The experimental factors were as follows:
Water variant (without sprinkling irrigation, with sprinkling irrigation),
Cropping method (conventional, direct sowing)
Nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N·ha -1 ).
Irrigation took place when the soil humidity dropped below 70% of the field water capacity,
using a semi-solid sprinkling machine fitted with NAAN 233/91 sprinklers of 7 mm
nozzle diameter and a 5 mm∙h -1 water rate.
Conventional tillage included the extensive use of post-harvest tillage, pre-sowing ploughing
and pre-seeding tillage. All mechanical tillage measures were abandoned for direct
sowing, and limited to the single use of the Roundup 360 SL herbicide at 1.5 l∙ha -1 dose.
Roma winter wheat was cropped after peas in a four-field crop rotation with a 50% share
of the following crops: sugar beet ++, spring triticale, peas, and winter wheat, maintaining
a static level system of tested factors for all species from 1997. Fertilization with phosphorus
(34.9 kg P∙ha -1 ) and potassium (83 kg K∙ha -1 ) was performed prior to sowing. Nitrogen
fertilization at 50 kg N∙ha -1 prior to sowing and on appropriate objects was performed
at the tillering stage (BBCH 21) and at the stem elongation stage (BBCH 31). Other crop
treatments were performed according to good agrotechnical principles suitable for each
species.
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