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334 Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862–1867 will in all probability never come back again, . . . I have yet to see the first long face or hear the first regret. Soon after Hinks arrived, Lieutenant Verplanck left the 6th USCI to join his staff. One evening, Verplanck remarked to the other officers that “he felt just as he used to [as] a boy when his folks were going to take him to the theater.” To his mother, he wrote: “We are organizing our division as fast as possible . . . and then the first large body of black troops will go in together and will make an impression I believe such as has never been felt before.” 78 78 S. A. Carter to My own darling wife, 1 May 1864 (“Everything is,” “he felt”), S. A. Carter Papers, MHI; R. N. Verplanck to Dear Mother, 26 Apr 1864 (“We are”), Verplanck Letters; New York Tribune, 26 April 1864 (“taken out”). The most exhaustive study of events at Plymouth is Weymouth T. Jordan Jr. and Gerald W. Thomas, “Massacre at Plymouth: April 20, 1864,” North Carolina Historical Review 73 (1995): 125–93.
Chapter 11 Virginia, May–October 1864 From before sunup until after sundown, soldiers at Fort Monroe during the early days of May 1864 busied themselves preparing for the spring campaign. In the 4th United States Colored Infantry (USCI), Sgt. Maj. Christian A. Fleetwood interrupted his paperwork to spend a morning at target practice. “Fair shooting,” he thought, “not extra.” Officers marveled at orders that restricted their baggage to fifteen pounds: “as well none as so little,” wrote 2d Lt. Joseph J. Scroggs of the 5th USCI. “The bustle of preparation goes on vigorously and soon both men and officers will be divested of everything except their accoutrements and the clothes on their backs.” Also in the 5th, Lt. Col. Giles W. Shurtleff noted that orders assigned each regiment only one wagon to haul its gear; officers had to store their roomy wall tents and sleep in pairs in shelter tents like the men. “This seems hard,” he told his fiancée, “but I am rejoiced to see the commanding general go about his work as if he meant to effect his object. . . . It will cause us great inconvenience and some hardship and exposure; but what matter if we can more speedily accomplish the work to be done?” 1 The new commanding general of all Union armies, Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, had arrived in Washington that March from west of the Appalachians, where federal troops had spent the previous two years advancing continually into Confederate territory. While they satisfied day-to-day needs by stripping hostile country of food for soldiers and animals, they moved ever farther from the depots that supplied their clothing and munitions, neither of which could be replenished on the spot, hence their habit of traveling light. Grant brought that method of warfare east, for he intended to put all the Union’s forces in motion. Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, in Louisiana, would move up the Red River toward Texas. At the same time, Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman would strike south from Chattanooga: “Joe Johnston’s [Confederate] army his objective point and the heart of Georgia his ultimate aim,” as Grant explained it to Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, who commanded the Army of the Potomac. “Lee’s army will be your objective point,” Grant continued. “Wherever Lee goes, there you will go also.” Grant issued orders that limited the number 1 C. A. Fleetwood Diary, 2 and 3 (quotation) May 1864, C. A. Fleetwood Papers, Library of Congress (LC); J. J. Scroggs Diary, 1 (“as well”) and 2 (“The bustle”) May 1864, U.S. Army Military History Institute (MHI), Carlisle, Pa.; G. W. Shurtleff to Dearest Mary, 2 May 1864, G. W. Shurtleff Papers, Oberlin College (OC), Oberlin, Ohio.
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FREEDOM BY THE SWORD THE U.S. COLOR
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ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES FREEDOM BY T
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ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES Reina J. Pen
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No. Page 4. Along the Mississippi R
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x Page Swampy woods near Petersburg
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The Author William A. Dobak receive
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off-duty behavior, a book about bla
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Daoust, and John G. Saint, descenda
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Chapter 1 Mustering In—Federal Po
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Mustering In—Federal Policy on Em
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Chapter 2 The South Atlantic Coast
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The South Atlantic Coast, 1861-1863
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60 Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. C
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SOUTH CAROLINA A R K A N S A S Sava
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100 Freedom by the Sword: The U.S.
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Chapter 5 Southern Louisiana and th
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Southern Louisiana and the Gulf Coa
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Chapter 6 The Mississippi River and
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The Mississippi River and its Tribu
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Table 1—Black Regiments Organized
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Chapter 7 Along the Mississippi Riv
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Along the Mississippi River, 1863-1
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Chapter 8 Arkansas, Indian Territor
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Chapter 9 Middle Tennessee, Alabama
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Chapter 13 South Texas, 1864-1867 W
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South Texas, 1864-1867 427 Brownsvi
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South Texas, 1864-1867 429 a year e
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South Texas, 1864-1867 431 Magruder
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South Texas, 1864-1867 433 the retr
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South Texas, 1864-1867 435 water wh
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South Texas, 1864-1867 439 ther nor
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South Texas, 1864-1867 441 supposed
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South Texas, 1864-1867 443 a set of
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Table 4—General Weitzel’s Ranki
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South Texas, 1864-1867 447 way, bes
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South Texas, 1864-1867 449 Palm tre
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South Texas, 1864-1867 453 were to
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Chapter 14 Reconstruction, 1865-186
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CC uu mm bb RR erland erland ugh ep
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Reconstruction, 1865-1867 459 the q
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Reconstruction, 1865-1867 473 gone
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Reconstruction, 1865-1867 477 honor
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Reconstruction, 1865-1867 495 depar
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Chapter 15 Conclusion Although the
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Conclusion 499 than twelve thousand
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Conclusion 501 Americans on the pat
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Conclusion 503 railroad constructio
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Index 539 Brown, 1st Lt. Matthew C.
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Index 549 X, 70, 345, 369-70, 373,
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Index 551 64th USCI (7th Louisiana)
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Index 553 345, 354-55, 358, 367, 36
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