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This map from the Official Atlas shows Fort Fisher at the tip of Federal Point and other Confederate positions between Wilmington and the mouth of the Cape Fear River.
Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia, 1864–1865 401 medicine, and other supplies—that entered the Confederacy between November 1863 and October 1864. 50 Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles had long urged an expedition to reduce Fort Fisher and capture Wilmington. By mid-September, Grant had acceded to the idea, but attacks on Richmond and Petersburg remained uppermost in his mind. Days after the second attack failed in late October, General Butler was under orders for New York City with more than six thousand troops to keep order there during the presidential election. When he returned, Colonel Pierson’s prediction about the weather had come true: “Roads nearly impassable,” Butler wrote to Grant, who had himself gone north for a few days. 51 As the troops waited for the roads to dry, it became time to implement an administrative change that had been under consideration for months. A few weeks after the IX Corps defeat at the Petersburg Crater that summer, Butler had suggested to Grant that Ferrero’s division and its nine black regiments should transfer from Meade’s Army of the Potomac to his own Army of the James. “From all that I can hear the colored troops . . . have been very much demoralized by loss of officers and by their repulse of [July] 30th,” he wrote, adding the next day: “If they could be sent to me, . . . they might be recruited up and got into condition.” Grant replied that at that time every one of his soldiers was occupied, either holding the trenches or preparing an offensive move. Not until mid-November did he consider the pace of events slow enough to make the change. 52 The reorganization turned out to be more profound than the movement of nine regiments from Meade’s army to Butler’s authorized on 25 November. Eight days later came an order discontinuing the X and XVIII Corps. The white infantry divisions of those commands would constitute the XXIV Corps; the three black divisions, the XXV Corps. At the head of the XXV Corps was Maj. Gen. Godfrey Weitzel, the same officer who had asked Butler to remove black troops from his command in Louisiana more than two years earlier. Whether it was because of the hard campaigning that black soldiers had done since his complaint or because of his accession to a second star and with it command of a corps rather than the brigade that he had led in Louisiana, Weitzel voiced no qualms when he took command of the largest organization of black soldiers in the war (Table 2). 53 One of the regiments that joined Butler’s command was the 30th USCI. “General Meade had agreed with Gen Butler to trade us off for white troops,” Colonel Bates wrote. “I am glad of it for I have always thought the colored troops ought to be placed together, and under Butler there is no doubt but that 50 Robert M. Browning Jr., From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron During the Civil War (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993), pp. 220, 228–29, 266–68; McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. 380–82. 51 OR, ser. 1, vol. 39, pt. 1, pp. 364–65; vol. 42, pt. 3, pp. 492, 503–04, 517, 638, 669 (quotation). John G. Barrett, The Civil War in North Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), pp. 262–63. 52 OR, ser. 1, vol. 42, pt. 2, pp. 323 (“From all”), 349 (“If they”), 350, and pt. 3, p. 619. 53 OR, ser. 1, vol. 42, pt. 3, pp. 702, 791. For Weitzel in Louisiana, see Chapter 3, above; his 1862 letter to Butler is in OR, ser. 1, 15: 171–72.
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FREEDOM BY THE SWORD THE U.S. COLOR
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ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES FREEDOM BY T
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ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES Reina J. Pen
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No. Page 4. Along the Mississippi R
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x Page Swampy woods near Petersburg
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The Author William A. Dobak receive
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off-duty behavior, a book about bla
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Daoust, and John G. Saint, descenda
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Chapter 1 Mustering In—Federal Po
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Mustering In—Federal Policy on Em
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Chapter 2 The South Atlantic Coast
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The South Atlantic Coast, 1861-1863
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60 Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. C
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SOUTH CAROLINA A R K A N S A S Sava
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100 Freedom by the Sword: The U.S.
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Chapter 5 Southern Louisiana and th
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Southern Louisiana and the Gulf Coa
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Chapter 6 The Mississippi River and
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The Mississippi River and its Tribu
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Table 1—Black Regiments Organized
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Chapter 7 Along the Mississippi Riv
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Along the Mississippi River, 1863-1
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Chapter 8 Arkansas, Indian Territor
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Artists’ representations of stati
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Chapter 9 Middle Tennessee, Alabama
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Chapter 10 North Carolina and Virgi
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North Carolina and Virginia, 1861-1
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Chapter 11 Virginia, May-October 18
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Virginia, May-October 1864 337 of b
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Virginia, May-October 1864 339 Much
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Virginia, May-October 1864 343 to c
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Virginia, May-October 1864 345 Disp
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Chapter 14 Reconstruction, 1865-186
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Chapter 15 Conclusion Although the
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Conclusion 499 than twelve thousand
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Adams, Col. Charles F., 422 Adams,
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Index 539 Brown, 1st Lt. Matthew C.
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Index 547 Rickard, Capt. James H.,
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Index 549 X, 70, 345, 369-70, 373,
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Index 551 64th USCI (7th Louisiana)
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Index 553 345, 354-55, 358, 367, 36
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