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11-2
b. m
All thc air opcntions USC a common mcan that mhst bc
sharcd. it is the airspacc. In ordcr to do so you miist bc
ablc to collcct all thc rcquircmcnt!! in airspacc coming
fmm thc diffcrcnt units (Air Spacc Rcqucst) and thssc-
iiiinatc thc Airsp;icc Cw)rdination Ordcr (ACO) lo all
thc rclcvant unit!$.
This airspacc planning is coordinatcd with thc AT0
planning and distributcd thrcc to four timcs a day 10 thc
uniu, this rcprcscnt a hudgc amount of mcss;lgcs simad
all ovcr thc Thcatcr.
c. n
T5c air opcrations arc pcrformcd usin;! opcrators,
ground-air-ground communication ncLs, consolcs ...
All thcsc C2 rcsourccs must bc allixatcd according to
thc currcnt AT0 corrcsponding to thc Air Dirccrivcs.
This suppscs a hudgc information cxchangc bclwccn
the diffcrcnt C2 cntitics. Thc proccss of thcsc informa-
tions. and thc planning of thc bcsl C2 rcsourccs
allocation according IO thc Air Dirwuvcs. 1
1.3 Air activity control
Air activity control is dividcd in two functions:
- air mffic control,
. air inission control.
a. A ir uaffic cond .
Air traffic control suppscs first a flight rcgulahn, that
is to sry an i1lIWtion of the corrcspcmding airspacc and
C2 rcsourccs to thc traffic rcqucsts. This supposcs thc
collcction of all thc flight rcqucsts, thc proccss of
allocation in coordination with thc airspacc ninnagcmcnt
lunction and thc disscmination of thc flight autorisations
10 thc rclcvant units.
In addition, air traffic conuol is in chiirgc of SGwh And
Rcscuc (SAR) opcrations. mainly based on thc xcuratc
location of thc fricndly crcws.
b. Air mission CO ntrol
Oncc an air opcration has bccn planncd according LO thc
ATO, this opcration has to bc controllcd by air mission
controllcrs. his supposcs a good coordination bciwccn
forcc manbgcmcnt and air mission control funclion. that
is 13 say a hudgc amount of informalion cxchangc.
Thcrc is also an issuc linkcd with radioclcctric propaga-
tion phcnomcna. it is control of low flying aircrafts.
This supposcs a hudgc amount of antcnnac widc sprcad
ajong thc thcatcr to offcr thc coinmunication means to
air mission conirollcrs.
dncc a mission has bccn pcrfomcd, thc mission rcpn
must bc prcparcd at thc unit lcvcl and disscminatcd to
thc rclcvant opcration ccntcrs for intclligcncc gathcring
.-+ and force managcmcnt planning function.
1.4 lntelligence
Intclligcncc function is in chargc of cnncmy ODB
awssmcnt and forccasting and damage assasmcnt. This
supposes thc gathcring of all typcs of information:
visual, electromagnctic ..., the fusion of these diffcrcnt
infomiations and thc disscrnination of thc rclcvant
information to opcrating centers or units sprcad all
dong thc Thcatcr.
2. CONTRIBUTION OF TACSATS TO AIR
COMMAND AND CONTROL
2.1 Surveillance
For survcillancc function, TACSATS may providc
qucuing to lhc currcnt Scnwr net by diffcrcnt mcans.
First ELlNT or COMINT satellitcs may providc informations
on, cnncmy airbascs activity and trigger thc
AWACS cakc-orr.
If thcsc informations arc not availablc, radars or clcctro-
optics satcllitcs may providc cnncmy raids carly dctcc-
Lion in ordcr to alcn the Theater scnsor nct and activatc
thc rclcvanl sensors.
For thc spccial casc of ballistic missilcs. launchcrs
dctcction may bc providcd through radars or clcclro-
optics satcllitcs. Missilc launch prcparation may bc
dctcctcd through the usc of ELINT or COMiNT
.mtclliLc:; picking-up thc corrcsponding clcctromagnclrc
signals. In last rcssort. rnissilc launch dctcction may be
dctcctcd by infrarcd satcllitcs picking-up llic plunics of
thc incoming missilcs.
2.2 Resources management
For rcsourcc mnnagcmcnt. mctcorological satcllitcs may
providc rhc rclcvant, information in ordcr to proccss thc
24 to 48 hours forccasting ncccssary for thc planning of
air opcrations.
broadcasting TbiCSATS arc a good mcan to disscminatc
thc AT0 mcss& .(torcc managcmcnt) and thc ACO
(airspacc manag$r&t).m
,
all Ihc units widcsprcad on lhc
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Thcatcr. 4,;;y:,*
t:i';...'
Ground-to-ground TACSATS arc a good man to solvc
thc opcrational rquircmcnu of:
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- othcr systcm: 'dg$$wc ".;,.. intcrrogation (forcc managcmcnt).
* , .* *.
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- Airspacc Control Mcans rcquircmcnu diffusion (air-
spcc managcmen:),
- C2 ilssct~ availability (C2 rcsourccs managcmcnt).
Thc tcchnical involvcd considcration arc thc quantity of
information cxchangc aid the widcsprcad on thc Thca1r.r
of thc diffcrcnt uniu involvcd in thcsc functions.
2.3 Air activity control
Navigation TACSATS (signal location typc) is hc
most cfficicnt solution for aircraft localiiration. which is
thc major dcfficicncy of starch and rcscuc opcdons.