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plovadm mglc apecity into an md mzmm a 16 or
200 km. "lis is LBkt primary raser p ytd mml Oink
but could support housekeeping. as nm SOLS altchate.
Figure 17. Typical TacSat Comm & Data Links
P m I
Figure 18 shows a summary lcvcl weinh, and power
budgct of a typical TacSat in thc small satcllitc (450
kilogram) class. With the use of advmd compmics,
high efficiency electric powcr gcncmtlon and stbmgc
devices. nnd advanced digital techno!o$y, a TncSat
could xhicvc a high payload to total chylmmss uatio.
Thc spacecnft dry wcight is about 45% payload,
(scnsor and data link) and thc rcst is llic bus. Tlic
clccuicml pwcr rcquircmcnt cairnate is shout 480
... *at& avcmgc. The powcr systcm is driven by thc
sensor duty cycle, cclipu: operations ,and cooling
bwcr. erc. Thc 68 kilograms of propesllani suppru,
in,ection and dng-makcup for 1 - 2 years.
syotom I SaIYboyotoon
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PAY LOA0
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Figure 18. Typical 'TacSat Weight & Power Budget
TacSat conccyls have been discussed fm many years.
Changes in Lhc international climate now make
surveillance 'I'acSats the right capability nt he right
lime. Potential users now havc a bcuer untkmding.
gaincd in thc Persian Gulf. of the value of spe basal
surv6illancc dam. Syslcm dcvclopen hve !car+ to
. Ibhk . 0,t apace surveillance from chc fzld m W s
.?. .,
Finally, many TacSal sysm elmernu err
tieing &ir'opul for ohcz purpscs. Fa &e.= reasons,
. pc&p&$,v.
1
andl hdgetzary dides, the time is right to begin a
phased T a t deZve3ctpmnt and acquisition program.
Simx the T&mp concept centers on directly satisfying
Centralized conml nnd maintenance redwe the ~wr's user needs, implemenodon efforts must include
workload. Because the spxccmh would pratonn continuous user invohemnt. This involvement could
normal systems manmgement, Rousekpiss~ corsld %c smrl with two sinauhtiorns. The first would provide
done from m small ground station, CO!OCRif!g tclqoletry, asea with ample sensor dam of various Scene types to
corntin8 momdies, etc. Continued bu.z-Ccoeping for BISSCSS their utility an8 value. ThC second simulation
a large constcllation quires a larger mission convol would educate potential users about TacSat command
ccnlcr. Existing bunch command and onnW rewu~ces and conml smlegy. planned sensor tasking and how
an a ctmicc For launch and early orbit functions. they would receive. process and exploit the data
--wc?ciicwm
W A U W mac While both simulations could be done in a laboratory
. ComwAnaM
environment, a porlion of the process should be foldcd
into military exenis. The uscr feedback will establish
quantitative criteria for the TacSat system dcsign based
on user nccds. Simulated sensor data for such an
evaluation pmpm could bc gencrated bcforc the event
using pmesscd airborne imagery. Imagery of typical
bttlcfield objccts and subscqucnt computcr processing
to vary imagc quality would allow thc uscrs to fully
assess thc utility of various data typcs and qualities.
Once dcsign criteria arc cstablishcd. thc TacSat
dcrnonstration and validation program would begin.
Thc program would be initiatcd with the first TacSat
and a fcw user ground terminals. Activitics planned, or
now undcrway. indicatc that most of thc systems
rcquircd for a dcmonsmtion will bc availablc "off-the-
shclf." The major cxccption is thc multi-spccwal
scnsor. Howcvcr. i& ckvclopmcni risks arc nomind DS
most of the componcnts arc cithcr commcrcially
availablc or of stmightlorward dcsign and fabrication.
It is likcly that UIC spcccnft bus will bc availablc as a
dcrivativc of thc U.S. Air Forcc's Advonccd
Technology Standard Satcllitc Bus (ATSSB) or othcr
grogram. Thcrc should bc at lcast onc viablc candidate
launch vchiclc for this Dcm-Val phasc. Thc Taurus
bstcr should k availablc and it is likcly that anothcr
launct system will cmcrgc to support IRIDIUM
program operations and mainicnance launchcs.
Satellile conuol for TacSat Dcm-Val phasc codd bc
done cffcctivcly n.9 a factory effort by thc dcvclopcr.
Comntcrcially availablc hardwarc would be cmploycd
for uscr ground stations. Softwarc would be a
combination of existing program and uniquc codc.
A Dcm-Val proam would allow dcmonsmtion of:
Disoibutcd C3 Archimturc Roof of Concept
k ~ Cast w Satellite Control
Multipk User Suggon
Us( 7 ,',.ing Effcctivencss
. I . L? hcs%ing & Exploimtion
-.- ;cnonsmwaion grogram would providc an initial
s;ctariond apbility hat could expand. ns shown in
Ftpm 19. TRe infmstruciurc, once establishcd. could
support other pyhds lo form a mixed. highly capable
tactid weillancc system.
A phttd. "Dzm-Val" TacSat implcmcnlalion slralc~y
would provide B tea-bed lo evaluate TacSat system
utility. provide multi-spectral imagery in many bands