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6.2.2 UniEcd Kin~domlNonvay
I-ii~lc lmimkrfor Low Emh Orbit (l.iiil.k'O}. '?k mm mcrcia1
IittIXQ program is king undcrtakcn FpII GcRc~;~~ 'lcchnology
Sptems Ltd and the NorwqianSp,?rrj: Ccntcr(Norok
Romwntcr) to offcr a kwarrt and mlinhk n,cnnn of plasina
small p3yln-A~ into hmth polar and sun-oynshrnnrws orhits
from a Eumpctcn launch sitc. l'hc ljttl .EO i7 m wlid propellant
vchEck:copnhlcofpliccinan 1,3~Ih((~hn)payIontl into
a 243 nm (052) km) pilar orhit or 1547 19, (1d3 kc) i 110 a
162 nm (3w) hm) polar orbit. It wuld trc 1aursI)cd froin the
Andoya Wmftct RmRc (69 dcg 17 min M. 16 ckg 01 min E)
Morc than rlM) souding rtrkcts hnvc hrcn I~i~rrchsd from
this titc. littl.EO aiuY atso inr;;..fh 2.m Ih (312 kg) into a
162 nm (SM) km) polar orhit fmm Itbly's San Mnrco launch
site.
6.2.3 Spin
I
C~pricomi~. Thc lnstituto Nacional Dc Tccnica Ac.rtap;tcinl
(INI'A) has annnunccd a ncw rtrkcl &vclopmcnl. thc
Caprimrnb. which is intcndcd to prodc Icw-cmt spm
transportation for thc scicnlific and communicritions community.
It is a Ihrcc-stagc all-sdid rnckct c:tpnb!s of placing
I10 to 228 Ib(M to IOkg) into a 324 nm ((100 kti:)p)lnrorbit.
Tcsu dl ttc mnductcd from El Arcncnilb (iluclm), a d
thcrc arc plans lo build a future launch cnmplcx in thc
Canary Islands.
I
6.2.4 Comnmtru~rulth of Indrprndrni Siatts (CIS)
Spacc Clipper. Yuzhmyc NPO. bawd in the Ukraine, is proping
an air-lnunchcdcnmmcrciill Iilunch Rystcm.spna.clip
pcr. which is planned to hc availnhlc in 1W4. Thc srtcm
cnnsists of an An-I24 canicr aircrdft and a chriicc ofscvcral
thrcc- or four-stagc solid propellant launch whiclcr(krivcd
from the SS-24 misdc) that arc launched from tl~c cargo hay
nfthchn-124. Achoiccofsudiffcrcn1u)lid rmkct launchcm
has bccn propcncd. 'I'hc b,wlinc systcm in cnpnhlc ofdclivcrina
1,Iall Ih (500 kg) to I.EO and is mtdulori7rd to pttwidr
six diffcrcnt wninns of thc vc!wlc ;Ind dapt In a wkk variety
of orbital recpircmenu. Thc maximum tnlrcoff wight is
392 tonnes. and the systcm is claimed to b phfr to opcratc
from any sirftcld capabk ofscrvicing a ?kin3 747. 'ki avoid
techmlolSy transfer reotrictions. thc inntnllafkin of the paykx4
can bc ptrfwrr~ed on-bird the Antomot t k cu~tomer's
eirftehs. Yuzhnoye plans to mcnlify two An-la aircroft,
and them are more than 100 SS-tas in Inwntary. It Lo
WACE CUPPEW (CIS)
F M 0. Ab-- WlW Leunch Wkh
19-11
7. ~U.U.US'ITU@ MDSSOI&DKW'JVED IAWNCH
RVSPlEMS
l$S a mull of IDCe lJSlC9S Stratcgic Arms Hcduction Talks
(START) a&rcemcnls. tk use of surplus stratcgic hallistic
missiles for launchin8 12lsa(s nccds to be mnsidercd. Thcrc
are. ofcou~. many ixsucs that must he addrcsscd in dctcrmininB
thc prRcticiility and advantagcs of this option. Thc
fixtors includr thr latcst trcnds in the arms rcduction talks in
termsofdctcrmining thc Iyp and numhn of strategic bnl-
Iistk mi%rilcs that might kccomc availablc and ;my trcaty
rcslriclionson tkirulc twspacc Iaunchcn: the p;iyloidcapi\hility
to typical orbits of intcrcst and thc payload mmp:irtmcnl
dimensions; and cstimatcs of thc non-rccurring and
rccurrina mls. With rcqxct lo Iiiunch rcspmsivcncss, thc
1and-h.wi ballistic miuilc on alcrt status rcprcwnts thc ultimarc.
with rcspnsc timcs in thc onlcr of rconds. 'I'hc cost
and othcr issucs rclatcd to maintaining this typc of caphilit)
prcrnls the limiling c;w of launch rcsp)nsivcncss.
Thc trcnd in thc strategic nuclciir wrhcad rcduction tiilks is
forbnth thc IJSand IhcCIS togo in twophnwsfrom thccur-
rcnt total count for all thrcc Icg of thc Triad of somewhat
mom than IO.QM) warhcads to 3.(MTr3.50 wirhcads by thc
ycar Mn3. Thc first p hw rcduccs thc total numhcr of wilr-
hcads lo 3,MO-4.2%1 in svcn ycars or lcxr from thc cxccu-
lion datc of the trciity. Within thw ovcrall Triad limits.
thcrc arc spccific 1imitsplacc.d on the Intcrcontincnlal nallis-
tic Misilc (ICHM) and Ea launched Ilallistic Missilc
(SI.IPM) forces. At Ihc cnd of the first phase. thc numhcrof
ICIHWs cannot cxcccd 1.2tIO. and thc numhcr of SI.nMs can-
mit cxucd 2161); for thc sscond ph,w 1hc.w limits arc 1.200
and 1.756). rcspctivcly. In thc sccond phwc thcrc is illso a
rcquircmcnt that all thc rcmaining ICHMs cnrty only one
warhcad cach. whilc thc SLIMS can mntinuc toc:irty multi-
plc warhcads.
7.1 United Slates
Within thc limiuoutlincd abvc. thcrc arc still n largc numk
r ofpruiblc distrihutionsofspccific misdc rctluctions and
thcrcforc of their availability for space launch. tlcnvcvcr. TA
far (09 lis missilcs arc mnccrncd. 'lkhlc 3 show n gcncrally
scocptcd rctircmcnt schcdule and indicatcs that. hctwcn
m and thc year 2UlXb2bll)3. thc Minutcman lis (MM-11s)
and the Navy W idon C-3 and Widcnt C-4 missilcs will bc
rctimd and may bc available for othcr applications. Aftcr
that time perkd. tk'Rccnty wll rcquirc Pcncckcepcr midcs
8o Rs retircd kauw of NJulltpk Ittdritrndcntly-Tar~ctcd
RcentryVchkk(M1WV) limitations and spccificdc-MIRVing
rub The cx~ct number of Pcscckecpcn that would be