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Cost Efl'ectivc TacSats for Military Support
By h.T. Crodsky, M.D. Benz & J.T. Neer
Lockheecl RPissilcs & Space Company, Inc.
0q:mhtIm 6F-01, Buildin& 590
11 I1 Lurkbred Way
SuonJnle, CalUolrb 94089.350) USA.
This pper diseuses the key spxc system fcWrcs
rrquind U) provide ~Ncctivc suppwc to military fcld
uniu anti discusses Lockhcad's Conccp to fill crihl
nkhw in military survcillancc and remote sensing.
Thc military is aware of kncfiU availahlc from m n
effective usc of ~poce. To provide lhose bcnefiu, spacc
systcmq must be dependable. casy U, use. flc cibk.
msponsive Md aNordablc. This paper describes itou a
programmable, multi-specml 0-0 scnsor wm ?ined
with a new small satellice bus. nnd suppming msnd
and conml and dau processing tools can providc
cnvimnmenlol and surveillance suppon lo users in
pemlime, crisis and combat. Also discussed arc how
such a system mccu csscnlial military utility criteria
and an llppasch for rapid TacSat systcm dcvelopmcnl.
evaluation nd deployment.
In M m wha burinascs arc learning Ihc imporonec
of 10181 Customer sslisfrtion. devcbpn of new space
systems have opportunities to achieve similnr gmoal~.
lust as pmducu emphasizing user crmvenknce. hank-
froc service and high quality at an affordPblc price am
essential in ay's economy. spa system I;;velopcn
must usc emerging tcchm~ks to niccl similar nee&
for civil nd mililary sytms. In Ihc cunmcrc*l m.
a system designed fw talal customer satisfaction.
Motorola's IRIDIUMTM'sM global pcrsonal
communications systcm is in dcvelopmcnt. Ihc s~mc
philosophies can k reflected in a octid surveillance
system and Ihc pjcctcd commercial infnrvuciurc un
aidU~~ocmcwnicfcuibd~tyofsluhrlynan.
The IRIDIUM system providcs ~lob~l penonal
comrnmbations using a constellation d small LEO
salellius. supponing ground facilitiei and a user
cquipmcnl family including a small. hand-held
tekphane and a vuiay of dam terminals. Thc system
lhnra ir Y) provide cellular telephone-like convenience
and quality with U hour dependability mywhen on UIC
fUe Of ule Ennh. The IRIDIUM sysm will provide
Itigh quality telephone connections anywhere with he
sunc c h i normally required IO call ktwan onicw in
a hgc city. In shac. the IaIDlUM sylta applies
qnu-ol-lhc-811 whnobgies IO make things simple and
um~aiat fa cuaomus. Wih modem crypollrqhi
III(DlUM la mTrdanut nd Swim M lLd Mopmblrp.
31-1
devices and GPS rccciven. an IRIDNM subscrihr unit
could k id4 for scvcral voicc and pncision location
functions in pcacctimc and limilcd wiufm situations.
AnMhcr mililsy bencfil fiom the IRIDIUM systcm
may be UIC user satisfaction modcl it pmvidcs. A like
philosophy. applied to Ihe dcvclopmcnl of milimy
arrvcillnnce sysums. could pmduee huge bcncfils.
Any discussion of a ncw military capability must
ddresJ new world replitics. The wckome rcduction in
superpower tensions has come with unpleawnl sidc-
cllecls including gmcr political instability. local "hot
spas." and Ihc danger ora low1 conflict spinling OUI of
eonvol. Thc political reality of reduced western
military spncing and constrained forward basing
accompanies lhcsc threats. The iacton combine to
demand greatcr flexibility and msponsivcncn of Ihc
remaining lows. The Persian Gulf showed that timcly
warning and inlclligcncc information in thc honds of
commandcn can pmducc forcc multipliers that allow
thc pmrocution of conflict with low casdty Icwls.
Onc consqucncc of this cnvironment is an emerging
need for wer controlled. cost cffcctivc, tactical space
syacm IO provide timely information to commandcn.
The systems could give indications and warnings of
forcc build-ups, allow wty compliance moniloring.
and suppon nc.~olurl and allied form in pcocctimc.
crisis and combat. Thcy could opt.qtc in modes to
&fy Ihc dillcrent ncedc ofscml usen.
5hc Keded capability qn* cffcctivcly provided by a
small LEO sptcllitc with .e programmahlc. multi-
rpecvll scrim combinc$rtlrUi a "Tadat' spacc syslem
shown in Figure 1. && tr:iac syrum fcatumx would
include a disvibutcd architccturc with direct user
asking and dau reudout. Tcchnologics central U) this
TrSat systun wncep arc multi-band. CCD focal-
planc arrays. satellite on-bonrd computing and
dvPnad vat station gmund dm pmcessing.
lkLwkmu
At Ihc mosc bp*c level. Ihc fundamcnlal requiruncnl Of
MY system is that it satisfy user meds. In a military
surveillance system. that vanslaws inlo a nced IO
povide timely infamation on foccc dimition. local
envimmenul. infraanrtun ud olhu conditions U,
ammudw 11 is technically l dble U) build a m e