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Annex C ESM system
C.1 Background
An airhornc ESM system might providc a suitnhlc basis for
a tacticnl communications or radar monitoring satellite.
The basrlinc that will he assumcd here is he Kcstrcl Mk fl
madc by HncalR. This is a radar ESM. capablc of dctcclhg.
drintcrlcaving nnd tracking radar emissions hetwecn c and
1 hnnd.
C.2 Detection capability
Kestrel employs a six port amplitudc comparison recciver
to nicnsurc signal bearing. The standard antennas givc 360'
covcrngc in azimuth. 25O covcragc in clcvnlion. a typical
pulsc scnsitivity of -60 dRmi and bearing nccuracy of 4.5O
RMS. This would dctcct the main lobc of a 10 MW E\tP C-
hnn:l rnclnr nt n rnngc of SO0 km. It would also hc pc";sihlc
to locatc thc radar to nn accuracy of approximatcly 5Okm
h; uackinp thc hearing of thc radar as thc sntcllitc pas?:s.
Antrnnas with grcatcr gain could hc uscd ut, thc ci:st of
sncrifiring thc 360° capability. This would, hc ninrc cnsily
achicvcd at higher frcqucncics antl it might' bc appropriate
to rcplacc thc Rand 3 antcnna (I !o J hand) $id1 a multiple
fccd horn and rcflrctor. A rcflcctiw of thc ordcr of 500 rnrn
in diamctcr might bc cxpcctcd to givc 20 clR iniprovcmcnt
in scnsitivity and a factor of Ifl improvcrncnt in hcaring
accuracy hut would not add grcally to thc mass iir cost of
the sy