Safety in the vicinity of non-towered aerodromes - Australian ...

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4.4 Making your presence and intentions known ..................................... 32 5 WHY CONFLICTS OCCURRED – CONTRIBUTING ERRORS ......... 35 5.1 Information errors ............................................................................... 36 5.2 Action errors ....................................................................................... 39 5.3 Decision errors .................................................................................... 40 5.4 Violations (intentional non-compliance) ............................................ 40 6 MONITORING AND AWARENESS ......................................................... 41 6.1 Occurrences involving non-broadcasts ............................................... 43 6.2 Why weren’t pilots monitoring the CTAF or making broadcasts? ..... 50 6.3 Other alerted ‘see-and-avoid’ tools .................................................... 52 6.3.1 Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS/ACAS) .............. 52 6.3.2 Air-ground radio services ........................................................ 52 7 OUTCOMES OF CONFLICTS .................................................................. 57 7.1 Accidents and serious incidents .......................................................... 57 7.1.1 Accidents with fatal injuries and aircraft damage .................... 57 7.1.2 Serious incidents ...................................................................... 58 7.2 Consequential events .......................................................................... 59 7.3 Avoiding action taken and collision risk ............................................ 60 7.3.1 Avoiding action ....................................................................... 60 7.3.2 Collision risk ............................................................................ 60 8 MOVEMENTS AT NON-TOWERED AERODROMES ......................... 63 8.1 Major non-towered aerodromes in Australia ...................................... 63 8.2 Traffic mix at comparison group aerodromes .................................... 65 8.3 Occurrences and operation types at comparison group aerodromes ... 67 8.4 Investigated occurrences at comparison group aerodromes ............... 69 8.4.1 Port Macquarie Aerodrome ..................................................... 69 8.4.2 Orange Aerodrome .................................................................. 71 8.4.3 Hervey Bay Aerodrome ........................................................... 71 8.4.4 Other recent investigations involving non-towered aerodrome operations ............................................................... 72 9 OTHER SAFETY INFORMATION SOURCES ....................................... 73 9.1 Trends from the data ........................................................................... 73 9.1.1 Parachuting operations ............................................................. 74 9.1.2 Frequency congestion and interference ................................... 74 9.1.3 Model aircraft and kite flying .................................................. 75 9.1.4 Avoiding landing charges ........................................................ 76 - iv -
10 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... 77 10.1 Summary of findings .......................................................................... 77 10.1.1 Findings from occurrence reporting data ................................. 77 10.1.2 Findings from movements data ................................................ 79 10.2 Previous ATSB studies into non-towered aerodrome safety .............. 80 10.3 Maintaining safe operations in the vicinity of non-towered aerodromes ......................................................................................... 81 10.4 What you need to do if you fly at non-towered aerodromes .............. 82 10.5 Further research required .................................................................... 83 11 REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 85 12 APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 89 12.1 Appendix A – Airspace classifications in Australia ........................... 89 12.2 Appendix B – Traffic mix for 20 selected non-towered aerodromes, 2003 to 2008 .................................................................. 91 12.3 Appendix C – Air-ground radio information services available at non-towered aerodromes .................................................................. 104 12.4 Appendix D – Traffic mix analysis vs. Occurrence types by aerodrome ......................................................................................... 108 12.5 Appendix E – Sources and submissions ........................................... 112 12.5.1 Sources of information ........................................................... 112 12.5.2 Submissions ........................................................................... 112 - v -
Page 1: ATSB TRANSPORT SAFETY REPORT Aviati
Page 4 and 5: Published by: Australian Transport
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Page 10 and 11: THE AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT SAFETY BUR
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Page 14 and 15: Airproxes and other separation issu
Page 16 and 17: across many aerodromes and aircraft
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Page 20 and 21: procedures from 3 June 2010) GPS Gl
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Page 24 and 25: What challenges do pilots face at n
Page 26 and 27: A factor in the frequency of occurr
Page 28 and 29: suggested that they ignored the lim
Page 30 and 31: airmanship principles, and to allow
Page 32 and 33: 1.3 Scope This report focused only
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Page 36 and 37: • Violations - any individual act
Page 38 and 39: Table 1: Movements for 20 selected
Page 40 and 41: that the level of detail and the ty
Page 42 and 43: Figure 1: Airspace-use and operatio
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2: Most common types of occu
Page 46 and 47: 3.4 Where were the most occurrences
Page 48 and 49: Occurrences relative to flight rule
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Page 52 and 53: Runway incursions can have serious
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In particular, pilots’ broadcasti
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Information errors were the most co
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A number of reports (n=40) indicate
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5.3 Decision errors Decision errors
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A 2004 ATSB review of all 37 mid-ai
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In both cases, the pilots of most o
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Figure 10: Typical circuit entry me
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At non-towered aerodromes, circuits
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6.2 Why weren’t pilots monitoring
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6.3 Other alerted ‘see-and-avoid
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Not a substitute for maintaining an
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- 56 -
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Figure 13: Damage to Piper PA-28 Wa
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7.3 Avoiding action taken and colli
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One airprox occurred between two pa
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The movement data elements 32 colle
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Notable changes in traffic mix betw
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expected number of occurrences; how
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Investigation number AO-2007-006 Wi
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8.4.4 Other recent investigations i
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9.1.1 Parachuting operations A numb
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9.1.4 Avoiding landing charges Ther
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See-and-avoid conflicts See-and-avo
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10.2 Previous ATSB studies into non
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10.4 What you need to do if you fly
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writing, data does not exist to eva
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Australian Transport Safety Bureau.
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