Revolution Televised.pdf

198 Notes to Chapter 1
Guerrero discuss Sidney Poitier’s loss of most cultural signifiers in order to
achieve acceptance in Hollywood film and with the mainstream American
audience.
9. Kevin K. Gaines, Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and
Culture in the Twentieth Century, 14.
10. Ibid., 2.
11. Ibid., 3.
12. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 3.
13. Gaines, Uplifting the Race, 3.
14. Robin D. G. Kelley, Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black
Working Class, 8.
15. Omi and Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 13.
16. John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, From Slavery to Freedom:
A History of African Americans, 225.
17. Ibid., 247–63.
18. Kelley, Race Rebels, 36.
19. The need for black-only spaces is still discussed within African
American critical circles. On a more personal note, my primarily black
class at the University of California–Davis debated whether or not African
American actors or comedians (such as Chris Rock in his HBO special
Bring the Pain) should discuss issues pertaining to the black community
on television. While some argued that it was appropriate to use the venue
to speak to a wider black television audience, others felt that it was acceptable
only if it was a black-only audience, something that cannot be
controlled on television.
20. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, 3.
21. Mel Watkins, On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying and Signifying,
35.
22. Henry Louis Gates, The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-
American Literary Criticism.
23. Watkins, On the Real Side, 72.
24. Ibid., 52.
25. Eugene D. Genovese, Roll Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made.
26. This type of acknowledgment does not mean that every African
American accepted minstrelsy. Indeed, segments of the black community
refused to attend these performances.
27. Watkins, On the Real Side, 367.
28. Ibid., 367.
29. Call-and-response is a practice that can be traced back to the tradition
of oral culture that existed in many African nations. This practice
has been found in such cultural forms as storytelling and music. Call-andresponse
as well as other forms of oral culture transitioned with slaves to
America. Ripped from their own environments, slaves used oral culture