BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

If invited to dinner, in some Asian countries it is wellmannered to leave right after the dinner: the ones who don’t leave may indicate they have not eaten enough. In the Indian sub-continent, Europe, South America, and North American countries this is considered rude, indicating that the guest only wanted to eat but wouldn’t enjoy the company with the hosts. In Mediterranean European countries, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa, it is normal, or at least widely tolerated, to arrive half an hour late for a dinner invitation, whereas in Germany and in the United States this would be considered very rude. Showing the thumb held upwards in certain parts of the world means "everything's ok", while it is understood in some Islamic countries (as well as Sardinia) as a rude sexual sign. Additionally, the thumb is held up to signify "one" in France and certain other European countries, where the index finger is used to signify "one" in other cultures. In Africa, Arab cultures, and certain countries in South America (not in Brazil), saying to a female friend one has not seen for a while that she has put on weight means she is physically healthier than before, whereas this would be considered an insult in India, Europe, North America, Australia, and Brazil. In Africa and Asian countries, avoiding eye contact or looking at the ground when talking to one's parents, an elder, or someone of higher social status is a sign of respect. In contrast, these same actions are signals of deception or shame (on the part of the doer) in North America and most of Europe. In African, South American and Mediterranean cultures, talking and laughing loudly in the streets and public places is widely accepted, whereas in some Asian cultures it is considered rude and may be seen as a mark of self-centeredness or attention-seeking. In this context is opportune to ask the question: how is possible the communication between communicators belonging to different cultures? With such an interrogation is dealing discipline called cross-cultural communication. 7.3. The Conflict – Definition and Resolution In first paragraph of this chapter is said that culture as system of values, attitudes, beliefs, expectations, norms and principles of behavior make the difference between us as humans and as representatives of 137
diverse communities. The differences can be source of tension and finally the source of conflict. In what will follow we will try to clarify the nature of conflict. What is a conflict? The term "conflict" has been defined as "intense interpersonal and/or intrapersonal dissonance (tension or antagonism) between two or more parties based on incompatible goals, needs, desires, values, beliefs, and/or attitudes. Conflict can appear as Racial and Cross Cultural Issues - Interracial conflict, Cross-racial confrontations, Religious conflict. Nevertheless it is present in such areas as: Neighborhood – Noise, Pets, Shared common areas, Disturbances (except for domestic violence); Housing - Landlord/Tenant, Roommate/Roommate, Mobile Home Parks; Family - Parent/Teen, Youth, Peer Relations; Organization - Private Nonprofit Agencies, Community Groups, Home Owner Associations, Neighborhood Groups. The conflict response styles People may appreciate the same situation in different ways, and so respond differently to the conflict situation. According to Turner and Weed (1983), there are several response styles to conflict and classified them as follows: 1. Style of addressers. Addressers are the people who are willing to take initiatives and risk to resolve conflicts by getting their opponents to agree with them on some issues. Addressers can either be first-steppers or confronters: A) First-steppers are those who believe that some trust has to be established to settle conflicts. They offer to make a gesture of affability, agreeableness or sympathy with the other person's views in exchange for a similar response. B) Confronters think that things are so bad that they have nothing to lose by a confrontation. They might be confronting because they have authority and a safe position, which reduces their vulnerability to any loss. 2. Style of concealers. Concealers take no risk and so say nothing. They conceal their views and feelings. Concealers can be of three kinds: a) Feeling-swallowers swallow their feelings. They smile even if the situation is causing them pain and distress. They behave thus because they consider the approval of other people important and feel that it would be dangerous to affront them by revealing their true feelings. B) Subjectchangers find the real issue too difficult to handle. They change the topic by finding something on which there can be some agreement with the conflicting party. This response style usually does not solve the problem. 138
Page 1 and 2:
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
Page 3 and 4:
CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
Page 5 and 6:
6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
Page 7 and 8:
1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
Page 9 and 10:
Although it usually emphasizes the
Page 11 and 12:
example of how important the nervou
Page 13 and 14:
in order to satisfy it. The further
Page 15 and 16:
arrangements of ideas accordingly w
Page 17 and 18:
To clarify the concept of emotions,
Page 19 and 20:
we have to mention the concert fact
Page 21 and 22:
3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
Page 23 and 24:
the information through to the righ
Page 25 and 26:
4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
Page 27 and 28:
2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
Page 29 and 30:
Some of the fundamental characteris
Page 31 and 32:
Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
Page 33 and 34:
These basic elements he named endom
Page 35 and 36:
Other people were strong in two ele
Page 37 and 38:
The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
Page 39 and 40:
intent expression. They have a late
Page 41 and 42:
An extravert is energized when arou
Page 43 and 44:
The Introverted Intuition Type - is
Page 45 and 46:
► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48:
person separate from other persons
Page 49 and 50:
In relation to the stratification o
Page 51 and 52:
3.3. Health Care as a Social System
Page 53 and 54:
of community health workers who wor
Page 55 and 56:
The scope of practice for a Nurse P
Page 57 and 58:
undergoing minor or intermediate pr
Page 59 and 60:
is cured, then they will all remain
Page 61 and 62:
Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
Page 63 and 64:
transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
Page 65 and 66:
All these approaches mentioned abov
Page 67 and 68:
accurate and as unbiased a manner a
Page 69 and 70:
health care facilities, pharmaceuti
Page 71 and 72:
professional, or they may have few
Page 73 and 74:
users of self-medication are well i
Page 75 and 76:
Communication as understanding: “
Page 77 and 78:
developed his ideas in a 1963 book
Page 79 and 80:
perception, unclear message, social
Page 81 and 82:
The conative function is allocated
Page 83 and 84:
the community. Nowadays Health comm
Page 85 and 86:
• Good communication helps the pa
Page 87 and 88: The efficiency in accomplishment of
Page 89 and 90: Metacommunication and Cultural Diff
Page 91 and 92: constructed communication systems s
Page 93 and 94: During intense verbal abuse, the vi
Page 95 and 96: style of delivering a message - for
Page 97 and 98: o Many Asian cultures suppress faci
Page 99 and 100: or a decrease in a backwards lean a
Page 101 and 102: There are some cultural differences
Page 103 and 104: music affect the behavior of commun
Page 105 and 106: conversations at the same time, and
Page 107 and 108: the information sent when trying to
Page 109 and 110: Anything that is exaggerated or ove
Page 111 and 112: 4. Describe the elements of body la
Page 113 and 114: Will eat anything. Especially likes
Page 115 and 116: taken from the message (instruction
Page 117 and 118: development as effective communicat
Page 119 and 120: family. In many cases, these stereo
Page 121 and 122: from experience, perception or reas
Page 123 and 124: Indirect discrimination is often le
Page 125 and 126: Russification: Under the Russian Em
Page 127 and 128: about what they are going to say ne
Page 129 and 130: "You are frustrated because dealing
Page 131 and 132: human failings, such as tiredness a
Page 133 and 134: conflict, and ambiguity and struggl
Page 135 and 136: 7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavio
Page 137: actor that you are proper, polite,
Page 141 and 142: making unpopular decisions which ne
Page 143 and 144: Identify a safe place to meet and n
Page 145 and 146: develop. One should respond slowly
Page 147 and 148: 146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
Page 149 and 150: Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
Page 151 and 152: 2. If person becomes addicted, the
Page 153 and 154: Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
Page 155 and 156: weight gain a likely possibility, s
Page 157 and 158: contemporary social conditions. Dem
Page 159: 5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
show all

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?