BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

arrangements of ideas accordingly with one’s needs, attachments,
objectives, plans, commitments, ends and desires.
Using language
Human language can be defined in various ways. One definition
sees language primarily as the mental faculty that allows humans to
undertake linguistic behaviour: to learn languages and produce and
understand utterances. Another definition sees language as a formal
system of signs governed by grammatical rules of combination to
communicate meaning. This definition stresses the fact that human
languages can be described as closed structural systems consisting of rules
that relate particular signs to particular meanings. Yet another definition
sees language as a system of communication that enables humans to
cooperate. This definition stresses the social functions of language and the
fact that humans use it to express themselves and to manipulate objects in
their environment. The different definitions stress different aspects of
lanquage, simultaniously showing the great significans of language for
thinking, learning and social existance of humans. By the mean of
leanguage we produse and expres our ideas, we learn from the experience
of others, we comunicate with others for the better social existnce.
Intelligence
David Wechsler defines intelligence as “the aggregate or global
capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to
deal effectively with his environment”. Howard Gardner say that a human
intellectual competence must entail a set of skills of problem solving —
enabling the individual to resolve genuine problems or difficulties that he
or she encounters and, when appropriate, to create an effective product —
and must also entail the potential for finding or creating problems — and
thereby laying the groundwork for the acquisition of new knowledge.
Sternberg & Salter consider intelligence as a goal-directed adaptive
behavior. Thus, numerous definitions of intelligence have been proposed
till now, but many of them contain such term as “ability of problem
solving”.
To indicate the intelligence of humans several tests have been
developed. We will explain some of them. The first intelligence test was
developed by Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of the famous Charles Darwin.
Galton was interested in the differences in intelligence between human
beings, and he believed that certain families were more intelligent than
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