BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ecame enshrined in the research and treatment codes of democratic nations. There have been major changes in the doctor-patient relationship over the past decades; both from patients' and doctors' point of view. There is, indeed, some evidence that changes in society and health care have resulted in real changes in what people expect from their doctors and in how doctors view patients. Many patients want more information than they are given. Many also say that they want to take an active part in decisions about their treatment, in the light of its chances of success and any side effects. Concepts like 'patient empowerment', 'informed consent', 'shared decision making' and 'consumerism' have been introduced to label this transformation of the patient role from that of passive dependency to active autonomy. According to the literature, the traditional paternalistic model is no longer the only, nor the preferred doctor-patient relationship model. There is a wide consensus that a model based on a more equal doctor-patient relationship is both beneficial for patients and more in keeping with current ethical views. Today, most procedures in a hospital are preceded by explanations and discussions at the patient's bedside that make clear all the risks and benefits of the procedure. The consent conversation must be conducted by an MD, and the patient must be able to understand what he or she is being asked to agree to. Reflecting the importance of informed consent in modern health care, an opinion from the current AMA Code of Ethics, on "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship" states: "The patient has the right to make decisions regarding the health care that is recommended by his or her physician. Accordingly, patients may accept or refuse any recommended medical treatment". As a physician, the doctor-patient relationship greatly impacts the approach to education, motivation, and negotiation of treatment plans. In literature are described the following four models of the physician-patient relationship: Paternalistic - The physician is parental, recommending what he/she feels is best for the patient. The patient chooses whether or not to follow the recommendations. Informative - This is a "consumer" model of care. The physician provides information about all available treatment choices in as 65
accurate and as unbiased a manner as possible. The patient chooses from the available options. Interpretive - In this model, the patient is not expected to simply choose among available options because he/she lacks medical training. Instead, the physician tries to understand or interpret the patient’s general values and preferences. The physician then recommends the treatment option which is most consistent with the patient’s values. Deliberative - In this model, part of the physician’s role is to promote health by influencing the patient’s health-related choices, using non-coercive approaches to motivate the patient. All these model of doctor- patient interaction occur within the limits of professional sets of norms designed to guide the behavior in medical context. One of such a set of norm is A U.S. Patient's Bill of Rights is a statement of the rights to which patients are entitled as recipients of medical care. Typically, a statement articulates the positive rights which doctors and hospitals ought to provide patients, thereby providing information, offering fair treatment, and granting them autonomy over medical decisions. Shrewsbury Surgery Center PATIENT BILL OF RIGHTS 1.Information Disclosure. Consumers have the right to receive accurate, easily understood information and some require assistance in making informed health care decisions about their health plans, professionals, and facilities. 2.Choice of Providers and Plans. Consumers have the right to a choice of health care providers that is sufficient to ensure access to appropriate high-quality health care. 3.Access to Emergency Services. Consumers have the right to access emergency health care services when and where the need arises. Health plans should provide payment when a consumer presents to an emergency department with acute symptoms of sufficient severity -including severe pain -- such that a "prudent layperson" could reasonably expect the absence of medical attention to result in placing that consumer's health in serious jeopardy, serious impairment to bodily functions, or serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part. 4.Participation in Treatment Decisions. Consumers have the right and responsibility to fully participate in all decisions related to their health care. Consumers who are unable to fully participate in treatment 66
Page 1 and 2:
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
Page 3 and 4:
CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
Page 5 and 6:
6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
Page 7 and 8:
1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
Page 9 and 10:
Although it usually emphasizes the
Page 11 and 12:
example of how important the nervou
Page 13 and 14:
in order to satisfy it. The further
Page 15 and 16: arrangements of ideas accordingly w
Page 17 and 18: To clarify the concept of emotions,
Page 19 and 20: we have to mention the concert fact
Page 21 and 22: 3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
Page 23 and 24: the information through to the righ
Page 25 and 26: 4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
Page 27 and 28: 2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
Page 29 and 30: Some of the fundamental characteris
Page 31 and 32: Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
Page 33 and 34: These basic elements he named endom
Page 35 and 36: Other people were strong in two ele
Page 37 and 38: The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
Page 39 and 40: intent expression. They have a late
Page 41 and 42: An extravert is energized when arou
Page 43 and 44: The Introverted Intuition Type - is
Page 45 and 46: ► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48: person separate from other persons
Page 49 and 50: In relation to the stratification o
Page 51 and 52: 3.3. Health Care as a Social System
Page 53 and 54: of community health workers who wor
Page 55 and 56: The scope of practice for a Nurse P
Page 57 and 58: undergoing minor or intermediate pr
Page 59 and 60: is cured, then they will all remain
Page 61 and 62: Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
Page 63 and 64: transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
Page 65: All these approaches mentioned abov
Page 69 and 70: health care facilities, pharmaceuti
Page 71 and 72: professional, or they may have few
Page 73 and 74: users of self-medication are well i
Page 75 and 76: Communication as understanding: “
Page 77 and 78: developed his ideas in a 1963 book
Page 79 and 80: perception, unclear message, social
Page 81 and 82: The conative function is allocated
Page 83 and 84: the community. Nowadays Health comm
Page 85 and 86: • Good communication helps the pa
Page 87 and 88: The efficiency in accomplishment of
Page 89 and 90: Metacommunication and Cultural Diff
Page 91 and 92: constructed communication systems s
Page 93 and 94: During intense verbal abuse, the vi
Page 95 and 96: style of delivering a message - for
Page 97 and 98: o Many Asian cultures suppress faci
Page 99 and 100: or a decrease in a backwards lean a
Page 101 and 102: There are some cultural differences
Page 103 and 104: music affect the behavior of commun
Page 105 and 106: conversations at the same time, and
Page 107 and 108: the information sent when trying to
Page 109 and 110: Anything that is exaggerated or ove
Page 111 and 112: 4. Describe the elements of body la
Page 113 and 114: Will eat anything. Especially likes
Page 115 and 116: taken from the message (instruction
Page 117 and 118:
development as effective communicat
Page 119 and 120:
family. In many cases, these stereo
Page 121 and 122:
from experience, perception or reas
Page 123 and 124:
Indirect discrimination is often le
Page 125 and 126:
Russification: Under the Russian Em
Page 127 and 128:
about what they are going to say ne
Page 129 and 130:
"You are frustrated because dealing
Page 131 and 132:
human failings, such as tiredness a
Page 133 and 134:
conflict, and ambiguity and struggl
Page 135 and 136:
7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavio
Page 137 and 138:
actor that you are proper, polite,
Page 139 and 140:
diverse communities. The difference
Page 141 and 142:
making unpopular decisions which ne
Page 143 and 144:
Identify a safe place to meet and n
Page 145 and 146:
develop. One should respond slowly
Page 147 and 148:
146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
Page 149 and 150:
Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
Page 151 and 152:
2. If person becomes addicted, the
Page 153 and 154:
Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
Page 155 and 156:
weight gain a likely possibility, s
Page 157 and 158:
contemporary social conditions. Dem
Page 159:
5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
show all

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?