BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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As can be seen human communication is understood in various manners. This diversity is the result of communication complexity as well as its being a subject - matter of a very broad constituency of disciplines that includes Rhetoric, Journalism, Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, and Semiotics, and others. Because many fields of study dedicate a portion of attention to communication, when speaking about communication it is very important to be sure about what aspects of communication one is speaking about. Nevertheless beyond the diversity in understand or defining of communication there are some common accepted things. All of humans communicate. Communication occurs to all areas of life: home, school, community, work, and beyond. Communication includes acts or interacts that confer knowledge and experiences, share emotion, give advice and commands, and ask questions. Communication requires a vast repertoire of skills in intrapersonal and interpersonal processing such as listening, observing, speaking, questioning, analyzing, and evaluating. Communication requires skills in utilization of technique of encoding and decoding, that is grammatical rules but also knowledge about culture, habits, behavioral rules etc. Communication requires physical and psychological capability to send and receive information, because the efficiency in information interchanging depends in many respects on such factor as anxiety, fatigue, boring, annoyance, and interest. Human communication happened at many levels (i.e. verbal, nonverbal, paraverbal, extra-verbal) take many forms (i.e. intrapersonal, interpersonal, social mediated), in one of the various manners (i.e. verbal presentation, letter, through movements, sounds, reactions, physical changes, gestures, languages, breath, etc). 4.2. The Communication Process In order to clarify what is communication and how does it occur were created a lot of theoretical models of communication. The Shannon– Weaver model of communication has been called the "mother of all models”. This model was widely adopted into the social science fields, such as education, organizational analysis, psychology, etc. Shannon–Weaver model of communication In 1949, the American engineer Shannon elaborated this model with intention to explain what basically happens in communication. He 75
developed his ideas in a 1963 book with Warren Weaver titled The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Information Source Transmiter Receiver Destination Signal Recevied Message Signal Message Noise Source Shannon's diagram of a general communication system. Here are laid out the basic elements of communication as they were developed by Shannon and others: 1. Source, emissor, sender (by whom the information is conveyed?). When we speak, write, smile, and make gesture we are in the posture of sender. Information source produces a message or sequence of messages to be communicated to the receiving terminal. 2. Message (what types of things and in what form are communicated?). Message is information which is sent from a source to a receiver. It may be any thought expressed in a language, prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication. In communication between humans, messages can be verbal or nonverbal: A verbal message is an exchange of information using words. Examples include face-to-face communication, telephone calls, voicemails, etc. A nonverbal message is communicated through actions or behaviors rather than words. Examples include the use of body language. 3. Encoding is a process of message production. To codify means to translate our ideas, attitudes, emotions into language. Language may be spoken and written (i.e. sounds and words). Also there are paralanguage (for instance tone of voice, quality of voice, rhythm and intonation), and body language (for instance posture and gesture). 4. Transmitter operates on the message in some way to produce a signal suitable for transmission over the channel. In telephony this operation consists merely of changing sound pressure into a proportional 76
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STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
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CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
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6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
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1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
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Although it usually emphasizes the
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example of how important the nervou
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in order to satisfy it. The further
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arrangements of ideas accordingly w
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To clarify the concept of emotions,
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we have to mention the concert fact
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3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
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the information through to the righ
Page 25 and 26: 4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
Page 27 and 28: 2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
Page 29 and 30: Some of the fundamental characteris
Page 31 and 32: Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
Page 33 and 34: These basic elements he named endom
Page 35 and 36: Other people were strong in two ele
Page 37 and 38: The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
Page 39 and 40: intent expression. They have a late
Page 41 and 42: An extravert is energized when arou
Page 43 and 44: The Introverted Intuition Type - is
Page 45 and 46: ► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48: person separate from other persons
Page 49 and 50: In relation to the stratification o
Page 51 and 52: 3.3. Health Care as a Social System
Page 53 and 54: of community health workers who wor
Page 55 and 56: The scope of practice for a Nurse P
Page 57 and 58: undergoing minor or intermediate pr
Page 59 and 60: is cured, then they will all remain
Page 61 and 62: Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
Page 63 and 64: transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
Page 65 and 66: All these approaches mentioned abov
Page 67 and 68: accurate and as unbiased a manner a
Page 69 and 70: health care facilities, pharmaceuti
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Page 75: Communication as understanding: “
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Page 85 and 86: • Good communication helps the pa
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Page 89 and 90: Metacommunication and Cultural Diff
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Page 93 and 94: During intense verbal abuse, the vi
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Page 97 and 98: o Many Asian cultures suppress faci
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Page 109 and 110: Anything that is exaggerated or ove
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about what they are going to say ne
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"You are frustrated because dealing
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human failings, such as tiredness a
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conflict, and ambiguity and struggl
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7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavio
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actor that you are proper, polite,
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diverse communities. The difference
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making unpopular decisions which ne
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Identify a safe place to meet and n
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develop. One should respond slowly
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146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
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Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
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2. If person becomes addicted, the
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Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
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weight gain a likely possibility, s
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contemporary social conditions. Dem
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5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
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BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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