BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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certain emotions, though about different objects. For example an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or quickly than others do. Social influences Humans are social creatures. There is a fundamental human need to belong to social groups, because survival and prosperity is more likely if we live and work together. However, to live together, we need to agree on common beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors that reduce in-group threats act for the common good. These biliefs, valuies and principles are expresed in social tradition, laws, ethical codes and delivered among humans by the mean of diferent social sistem: educational system, juridical sistem, massmedia system etc. Society influence the behavior of its members in many ways. It pass laws through its governmental institutions, creating severe punishments for particular antisocial behaviors. It develop a strong desire for ethics and morals, through its religious institutions as well as secular education (begining with it elimentary or family level end ending with highest institutional level ) and tradition (seen as an ansambe of rituals that pressure people to behave in a predictable fashion and that why seen as source of social stability). As we grow and develop in society, we internalize the values of the society around us by making these our own. The process through which society influences individuals to internalize values (attitudes and expectations) is called socialization. Individuals do not automatically absorb, but gradually accept cultural attitudes and roles. The individual is often unaware of his acceptance of these socially derived roles, roles are often accepted unconsciously. This is usually accomplished through the imitation of role models. We learn to conform to rules of other people. And the more we see others behaving in a certain way or making particular decisions, the more we feel obliged to follow suit. When a person in a society or group does not conform to the rules of society or group, then they may be considered a deviant and both private and public advice may be given to them on how to fit in. If they still do not obey norms, they will be marginalized (punished) by society or will be ejected and membership of the group revoked. A form of deviant behavior is criminal behavior. Generally social influence is defined as change in an individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from interaction with another individual or a group. Particularly when we discuss about concrete type of behavior 17
we have to mention the concert factor which determined it. Thus when in concern is criminal behavior for instance in children and young people same risk factors are to be mentioned: Family • Poor parental supervision and discipline; • Family conflict; • Family history of problem behaviour; • Parental involvement / attitudes condoning problem behaviour; • Low income and poor housing. School • Low achievement, beginning at primary school; • Aggressive behaviour, including bullying; • Lack of commitment, including truancy; • School disorganisation. Community • Community disorganisation and neglect; • Availability of drugs; • Disadvantaged neighbourhood; • High turnover and lack of neighbourhood attachment. Individuals, friends and peers • Alienation and lack of social commitment; • Attitudes that condone problem behaviour; • Early involvement in problem behaviour; • Friends involved in problem behaviour. Protective factors are linked to positive outcomes even when children are growing up in adverse circumstances and heavily exposed to risk. These are: • Strong bonds with family, friends and teachers; • Healthy standards set by parents, teachers and community leaders; • Opportunities for involvement in families, schools and the community; • Social and learning skills to enable participation; • Recognition and praise for positive behaviour. 1.3. Abnormal Behavior The behavior of people (and other organisms or even mechanisms) falls within a range with some behavior being common, some unusual, 18
Page 1 and 2: STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
Page 3 and 4: CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
Page 5 and 6: 6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
Page 7 and 8: 1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
Page 9 and 10: Although it usually emphasizes the
Page 11 and 12: example of how important the nervou
Page 13 and 14: in order to satisfy it. The further
Page 15 and 16: arrangements of ideas accordingly w
Page 17: To clarify the concept of emotions,
Page 21 and 22: 3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
Page 23 and 24: the information through to the righ
Page 25 and 26: 4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
Page 27 and 28: 2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
Page 29 and 30: Some of the fundamental characteris
Page 31 and 32: Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
Page 33 and 34: These basic elements he named endom
Page 35 and 36: Other people were strong in two ele
Page 37 and 38: The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
Page 39 and 40: intent expression. They have a late
Page 41 and 42: An extravert is energized when arou
Page 43 and 44: The Introverted Intuition Type - is
Page 45 and 46: ► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48: person separate from other persons
Page 49 and 50: In relation to the stratification o
Page 51 and 52: 3.3. Health Care as a Social System
Page 53 and 54: of community health workers who wor
Page 55 and 56: The scope of practice for a Nurse P
Page 57 and 58: undergoing minor or intermediate pr
Page 59 and 60: is cured, then they will all remain
Page 61 and 62: Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
Page 63 and 64: transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
Page 65 and 66: All these approaches mentioned abov
Page 67 and 68: accurate and as unbiased a manner a
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health care facilities, pharmaceuti
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professional, or they may have few
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users of self-medication are well i
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Communication as understanding: “
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developed his ideas in a 1963 book
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perception, unclear message, social
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The conative function is allocated
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the community. Nowadays Health comm
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• Good communication helps the pa
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The efficiency in accomplishment of
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Metacommunication and Cultural Diff
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constructed communication systems s
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During intense verbal abuse, the vi
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style of delivering a message - for
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o Many Asian cultures suppress faci
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or a decrease in a backwards lean a
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There are some cultural differences
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music affect the behavior of commun
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conversations at the same time, and
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the information sent when trying to
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Anything that is exaggerated or ove
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4. Describe the elements of body la
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Will eat anything. Especially likes
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taken from the message (instruction
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development as effective communicat
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family. In many cases, these stereo
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from experience, perception or reas
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Indirect discrimination is often le
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Russification: Under the Russian Em
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about what they are going to say ne
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"You are frustrated because dealing
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human failings, such as tiredness a
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conflict, and ambiguity and struggl
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7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavio
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actor that you are proper, polite,
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diverse communities. The difference
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making unpopular decisions which ne
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Identify a safe place to meet and n
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develop. One should respond slowly
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146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
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Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
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2. If person becomes addicted, the
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Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
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weight gain a likely possibility, s
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contemporary social conditions. Dem
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5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
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BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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