BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

electrical current. In telegraphy we have an encoding operation which
produces a sequence of dots, dashes and spaces on the channel
corresponding to the message.
5. Decoding is the opposite process. Sender is in this context the
encoder, but receiver is the decoder. A code is a rule for converting a piece
of information (for example, a letter, word or gesture) into another form or
representation (one sign into another sign), not necessarily of the same
type. Cod may also be defined as a system of sign and symbols in
communication.
6. The channel (through which medium is communication
realized?) is merely the medium used to transmit the signal from
transmitter to receiver. It may be a pair of wires, a coaxial cable, a beam of
light, etc. Channel, in communications, refers to the medium used to
convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver. It may be
for instance air in case of face-to-face communication, or telephone cable
in case of message telephonically sent.
7. Context (in what condition is communication realized?) refers
to the interrelated conditions of communication. It consists of everything
that is not in the message, but on which the message relies in order to have
its intended meaning. Context has several dimensions:
- Space (the physical place where the communication occurs).
- Time (that is hour, day, season when communication occurs)
- Social dimension (for example: relations between participants,
their assumed role).
- Psychological dimension (for instance official or nonofficial
character of communication; presence or absence of hostility in
communication).
8. Communication noisy is defined as all factors which impede
communication. Shannon in his conception of communication argued that
the input, or intended message, is sent by a sender via a channel. The
message received becomes the output. Input and output may differ
substantially as a channel is usually exposed to circumstances that may
alter its intended quality of transmission. For instance, the channel of a
telephone communication line is usually impaired with noise, which in
turn affects the outcome, i.e. output, of the message. Reiterating in
category of “noisy” as usual are included not only physical technical
impediments of communication but all type of communicative barriers.
These may be difficulties in intercultural communication, defective
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