Complexity and Social Movements: Multitudes at the Edge of Chaos ...

Notes 165
dimensions within work on political consciousness is evidenced by the presence
of both Foucault and Edelman in the footnotes to Poulantzas’s (1973) Political
Power and Social Classes.
10 According to Granovetter ‘the strength of a tie is a (probably linear) combination
of the amount of time, the emotional intensity, the intimacy (mutual confiding),
and the reciprocal services which characterise the tie’ (Granovetter 1973: 1361).
This is immediately redolent of the affective domain we are seeking to include
within our approach to framing.
11 Deleuze and Guattari emphasise the importance of a ‘method’ for the construction
of plateau as multiplicities and reject ‘mimetic procedures’ (p. 22) as a means to
achieve such ends. They thus question the capacity for the mimetic construction
of other aesthetic prioritisations central to the work of the Frankfurt School and
formalised by Adorno and Horkheimer and the subsequent use of this by Scott
Lash to argue for ‘another’ modernity (Beck et al. 1994).
2 Prefiguration and emergence
1 In the natural sciences a free radical is an ultimately destructive agent, this is not
the sense in which we adopt the term. Whilst we are arguing that free radicals
are central to the deconstruction of dominant discourses associated with the
neo-liberal capitalist axiomatic these acts of deconstruction are the basis for the
proactive re-construction of counter discourses with libratory potential.
2 See Chapters 3 and 4 for detailed examples of these processes in operation.
3 Reflexive framing: identities, protest dynamics and technology
1 For a discussion of the historic and symbolic significance of Prague, and
Wenceslas Square in particular, see Holy (1996, 34 et seq.).
2 See: http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/en/
3 See The Guardian, 23 September 2000, p. 19. This term had been previously
used to signify the UK direct action movement’s emergent affinity with carnival
as a cultural analytic (see Chesters 2000).
4 The Prague Post, 27 September–3 October 2000, p. A11.
5 The Guardian, 23 September 2000, p. 15.
6 Within Prague the appropriation of prominent corner locations by banks and
financial services institutions and the associated escalation of rental values is a
prominent theme in locals efforts to ‘live in neo-liberal truth’. The targetting of
banks in actions dominated by ‘locals’reflected this particular dwelling perspective.
7 This data was gathered as part of an ESRC small grant (R000223486) project
which focussed on pre-event, event and post-event frames of participants.
Respondents were selected from within hubs key to the event including KSCM,
INPEG, and the third element, London RTS, Tactical Frivolity, and OPH legal
rights monitors. Wider points relating to global movement networks draw
upon research on leadership (British Academy: LRG: 33561) within social
movements conducted by Dr Graeme Chesters and Alan Johnson.
8 In Prague this was a protracted processes which teetered on the verge of collapse.
Multiple interview accounts emphasise the centrality of the ‘third element’ in
ultimately securing a space. In one account the deadlocked negotiations were
resolved in minutes following one phone call from a third element actor.
9 See The Guardian, 27 September 2000, p. 18.
10 Ibid.
11 See extensive media coverage of the ‘WOMBLES’ (White Overall Movement
Building Liberation Through Effective Struggle) prior to and post the Mayday
protests in London during 2001.