Complexity and Social Movements: Multitudes at the Edge of Chaos ...

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Notes 169 critical standpoint relative to the WSF and the machinations of administrative and political processes it became a ‘marginal’ space on the peripheries, both figurative and geographical of the forum. 6 The peasant forum at the Mumbai WSF was partially initiated by the Indian KRRS, one of the originators of PGA. 7 Peripheral in the geographical sense of existing at the edges, rather than as peripheral to the substantive debates of the forum or the impossibility of describing a periphery within a ‘n’ dimensional state space such as GCS. 8 See in particular the Choike portal – www.choike.org 9 Members of the IC of the WSF proposed the ‘Porto Alegre Consensus’ at the end of the 5 WSF in 2005, a statement of proposals and demands that amounts to a ‘synthesis of what the WSF is proposing globally’. However, this statement was also roundly critiqued by other members of the IC including the Brazilian committee member Cândido Grzybowski who argued that ‘What kills this proposal is the method with which it was created and presented. It goes against the very spirit of the Forum. Here, all proposals are equally important and not only that of a group of intellectuals, even when they are very significant persons’ (Choike Portal: http://www.choike.org/nuevo_eng/informes/2622.html). 10 In Latin America this includes the PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores) and the Movement of the Fifth Republic in Venezuela. In Europe, this would include the Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire in France, Rifondazione Communista in Italy and the Socialist Workers Party in Britain. 7 The death of collective identity? Global movement as a parallelogram of forces 1 The public relations use of this strategy is evidenced by the US suggestion that the anti-debt campaigner and rock star Bono be made Head of the World Bank, see Borger, J. ‘Bono’s Next No 1 Might be at World Bank’ The Guardian, 7 March 2005. This appears to have been part of a PR ‘spin’ to pre-empt/ distract from the appointment of a key US neo-conservative – Paul Wolfowitz – to this post as US Defence Secretary Wolfowitz was one of the architects of the war against Iraq in 2003. 2 There are similarities here to Castells’ (1997: 8) identification of ‘project identities’ in the ‘network society’, which he defines as coming into being when ‘social actors, on the basis of whichever cultural materials are available to them, build a new identity that redefines their position in society and, by doing so, seek the transformation of overall social structure.’ 3 This is an inversion of Hannah Arendt’s (1958) claim that Marxist conceptions of social change have been predicated upon forms of social organisation that rely upon the concept of work, as synonymous with a process of making a product. Thus, Arendt (1958) claimed that notions of political activity came to be seen as having a ‘product’ – history, the state, the party and so forth. 4 This leads Lash to ask the rhetorical question ‘just how much freedom from the “necessity of structure” and structural poverty does (a) ghetto mother have to self-construct her own “life narratives”?’ (1995: 120). 5 A similar analysis has emerged in the work of Arquilla and Rondfelt (1993, 1996a,b) who have been working for the RAND Corporation on theorising the strategic implications for the US government, of what they have termed ‘social netwar’ – the capacity of civil society to mobilise solidarity networks, to take collective action and to facilitate their organisation through communications technology. 6 Rhythms of Resistance is the name of a international collective of musicians and dancers that play during anti-capitalist protests – www.RhythmsofResistance. co.uk. Frequently referred to as a ‘Samba Band’ their roots are ‘closer to the
170 Notes Afro Bloc parading drum bands that emerged in the mid 70s in Salvadore, Bahia in Brazil’. The outcome of such rhythmic interventions is to introduce an affective and ambiguous dimension to the space of protest, which marks the becoming-Carnivalesque of that space. The use of musical metaphors – ‘ritornellos’, ‘refrains’ etc. as a means of illustrating the complex and dynamical interplay between action, agency, affect and sensation is prominent in Deleuze (1994) and Deleuze and Guattari (2002). See also Buchanan and Swiboda (2004). 8 The map is not the territory 1 http://www.situaciones.org/ 2 The use of direct action by ‘fuel protestors’ in the United Kingdom in 2000 revolved centrally around the price of fuel suggesting that such consumer sensibilities persist and are significantly enabled by modern communication techniques. 3 Public responses to GMO food crops throughout Europe and the developing world have been significantly influenced by concerns over food safety, environmental impacts and maintaining established property right systems. 4 The Chartists use of direct action in pursuit of more representative democratic institutions and structures is a good example of an insurrection which is subsequently re-appropriated as the origin of true democracy featuring prominently in Newport’s bid for city status more than a hundred years after the ‘last rising’ (Jones 1999). 5 Corporate sensitivity to the uptake of genetically modified (GM) crops illustrates this point. According to an academic biotech researcher in Iowa ‘I think that what we need to watch very very closely is what the consumer continually communicates around the world. The consumer is King . . . we have elevated the consumer to a high pedestal. The consumer doesn’t have to be right. The consumer doesn’t have to be knowledgeable. The consumer makes a choice and we do what the consumer wants...Consumers are aware that the greatest change is occurring in the history – probably – of the human family on the globe in their foodstuffs and no processor no seller of food products wants to ever be caught selling something the consumer does not want’ (BBC Radio 4, Seeds of Trouble, Pt II, 14.01.03). 6 http://multitudes.samizdat.net/auteur.php3?id_auteur796 7 http://www.theminnesotareview.org/ns61/hardt.htm 8 ‘Since great collective means must be mobilized for this mutation, the telos must be configured as a collective telos. It has to become real as a site of encounter among subjects and a mechanism of the constitution of the multitude’ (Hardt and Negri, 2000: 405). We are not alone in making this observation, Sylvere Lotringer in the preface to Virno’s ‘Grammar of the Multitude’ suggests that for Hardt and Negri: ‘The telos ...precedes the multitude, and for the most part replaces it’ (Virno 2004:15). 9 Continues from the interview at: http://www.theminnesotareview.org/ns61/ hardt.htm
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Complexity and Social Movements Che
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Complexity and Social Movements Mul
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Contents List of figures vi Acknowl
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Acknowledgements With thanks to all
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Preface ix activists and engaged ci
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2 Introducing global movements poli
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4 Introducing global movements arou
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6 Introducing global movements esta
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8 Introducing global movements Thes
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10 Introducing global movements exp
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12 Introducing global movements che
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14 Introducing global movements Fra
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16 Introducing global movements ‘
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18 Introducing global movements for
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20 Introducing global movements and
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2 Prefiguration and emergence Intro
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24 Prefiguration and emergence on T
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26 Prefiguration and emergence 9 If
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28 Prefiguration and emergence Prop
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30 Prefiguration and emergence agai
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32 Prefiguration and emergence C. E
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34 Prefiguration and emergence The
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36 Prefiguration and emergence Glob
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38 Prefiguration and emergence In t
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40 Prefiguration and emergence Neo-
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42 Prefiguration and emergence from
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44 Identities, protest dynamics and
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68 States fight back when trust in
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70 States fight back academically,
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72 States fight back streets from d
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74 States fight back ‘green Parli
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76 States fight back to trivialise
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78 States fight back beneath Big Be
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80 States fight back ran out. The p
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82 States fight back The attempt to
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84 States fight back Accounts of th
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86 States fight back hair, infringe
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88 States fight back crisis is in e
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5 Ecologies of action within global
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92 Ecologies of action attractor wi
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94 Ecologies of action embedded in
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96 Ecologies of action The assimila
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98 Ecologies of action compatibilit
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100 Ecologies of action linking up
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102 Ecologies of action occurred wi
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104 Ecologies of action leading to
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106 Ecologies of action siege of in
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108 Beyond resistance to global nex
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Page 129 and 130: 118 Beyond resistance to global nex
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Page 141 and 142: 130 Global movement as a parallelog
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Page 161 and 162: 150 The map is not the territory of
Page 163 and 164: 152 The map is not the territory Ne
Page 165 and 166: 154 The map is not the territory mi
Page 167 and 168: 156 The map is not the territory or
Page 169 and 170: 158 The map is not the territory mo
Page 171 and 172: 160 The map is not the territory of
Page 173 and 174: 162 The map is not the territory ne
Page 175 and 176: Notes 1 Introducing global movement
Page 177 and 178: 166 Notes 12 Ya Basta’s! subseque
Page 179: 168 Notes 19 This practice has been
Page 183 and 184: 172 Bibliography Barker, C., Johnso
Page 185 and 186: 174 Bibliography De Sousa Santos, B
Page 187 and 188: 176 Bibliography Grubacic, A. (2003
Page 189 and 190: 178 Bibliography Lash, S. (2002) Cr
Page 191 and 192: 180 Bibliography O’Neill, J. (200
Page 193 and 194: 182 Bibliography Thompson, E.P. (19
Page 195 and 196: Index Note: Page numbers in italics
Page 197 and 198: 186 Index class: affinities 93; and
Page 199 and 200: 188 Index G7 23 G8 23, 100; meeting
Page 201 and 202: 190 Index London 52, 63, 69, 116; E
Page 203 and 204: 192 Index Poland 44, 45; ‘Orange
Page 205 and 206: 194 Index Taylor, P. 168 n.2; call
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