14508/09 ADD 1 PL/vk 1 DG G COUNCIL OF THE ... - Europa

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V. FINDINGS CONCERNING THE TWELVE CRITICAL AREAS OF CONCERN 5.1. Women and Poverty (A) Both income inequality and poverty have risen over the past 20 years. A substantial shift in poverty has taken place; children and young adults are today more likely to be poor than the population as a whole. Women are more vulnerable to income poverty than men. This is especially the case for single mothers (a category which has grown substantially), older women, immigrant and ethnic minority women, long-term unemployed and inactive women. The gendered division of work in families directly affects women's access to and participation in the labour market. The unequal sharing of work in families, together with persistent gender inequalities and discrimination in the labour market, have severe effects on women's poverty, including entitlements to social protection. Employment is a key factor for social inclusion and offers the most important means of escaping poverty. Being employed and earning wages are crucial for the economic independence of women and men, but also having equal access to the social security system and to owning and/or controlling assets such as land and housing. Against the background of rising income inequality and poverty, especially in some categories, and the economic and financial crisis extra efforts are needed to make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty by 2010. EU commitments to achieve the objectives of the Beijing PfA The MS and the European Commission have made a commitment to make a decisive impact on the eradication of poverty by 2010, considering that building a more inclusive European Union is an essential element in achieving the Union's ten-year strategic goal of sustained economic growth, more and better jobs and greater social cohesion, in the context of the Lisbon Strategy (2000). The European Council invited the MS in March 2002 to set targets for significant reductions in the numbers of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion. 14508/09 ADD 1 PL/vk 130 ANNEX DG G EN
When the Council of the European Union decided on the indicators in May 2007 it encouraged the MS and the Commission to undertake research on poverty amongst women and men in all relevant contexts, including, where appropriate, migrant and ethnic background and urban/rural location, with a view to drafting policies aimed at promoting social and professional inclusion. It also urged the Member States and the Commission to develop statistical capacity within the EU further, in the context of the Open Method of Coordination process on social protection and social inclusion focused on the individuals in households, in order to address the gendered nature of poverty and monitor the impact of policies upon women and men alike. In addition, it invited the MS to promote in-depth analysis of existing data from a gender perspective, as well as research, indicators and methodology on the issue of gender and poverty, thus ensuring that policies aimed at addressing poverty and social inclusion take gender equality into account. 5.2. Education and Training of Women (B) Education has long been perceived as an essential vehicle of equality between women and men and the educational level of women has increased substantially in recent decades. Today girls and young women choose higher education, graduate faster than men, remain in school to completion and often outperform boys overall. Today girls and women have overall higher educational attainment than men and have a more diversified range of choices in scientific areas than men. Women dominate on the level of ISCED 5a in five broad fields of study and men in two. Among PhD graduates women are in the majority in five MS and very close to fifty percent in many countries, but at EU27 level men are in majority and in all EU countries there is a pattern in which men (68 %) outnumber women (32 %) in tertiary education in mathematics, sciences and technical disciplines. In all EU countries the employment rate for women and men increases as the level of educational attainment improves. Employment rates for women with high education are higher than men's with basic schooling in most countries. Even if the majority of women are very well educated, they are not fully used as a resource in the labour market. 14508/09 ADD 1 PL/vk 131 ANNEX DG G EN
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COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Bruss
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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5.8. Institutional Mechanisms for t
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The present report Beijing + 15: Th
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2.1.2. Structures for Gender Equali
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The Regulation establishing a Europ
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The proposal to amend the Directive
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2.2.3. Financial resources for gend
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Integration of gender issues in the
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- Childcare facilities: possibility
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Key findings from the second report
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Gender equality issues are cross-cu
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Guidelines for the improvement of w
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With regard to financing, in additi
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High Level Group on Gender Equality
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2.5.1. EWL activities related to th
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Women and the media In 2006, the EW
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• Indicator 1. Status of governme
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Indicator 2: Adequate resources are
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All Member States also have some fo
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3.3.3. Gender mainstreaming The leg
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There are different methods or tech
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violence (for example trafficking f
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IV IMPLEMENTATIONS OF ACTIONS IN TH
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The strategic objectives are expres
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4.1.3. Trends emerging from EU-wide
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have not made payments to pension s
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In most EU countries the retirement
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4.2 Education and Training of Women
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All EU MS show a pattern in which m
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Some women with low education may f
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overall. Today girls and women have
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Indicator1: measures the number of
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Latvia had the greatest proportion
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4.4 Violence against women (D) 4.4.
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This was one of the conclusions dra
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Some of the measures that have been
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The reporting to the UNECE shows th
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4. 5. Women and armed conflict (E)
Page 79 and 80: 4.5.3. Trends emerging from EU-wide
Page 81 and 82: men. As a result this ‘new’ ins
Page 83 and 84: To date, 10 of the 27 MS have devel
Page 85 and 86: • Indicator 4. Comprehensive and
Page 87 and 88: The data is uncertain and, at least
Page 89 and 90: It should be emphasised that the hi
Page 91 and 92: In most countries single mothers' t
Page 93 and 94: Unemployment has been falling in mo
Page 95 and 96: The main political measures taken c
Page 97 and 98: • Indicator 7. Proportion of the
Page 99 and 100: Indicator 1: Women's access to poli
Page 101 and 102: parliaments (76 % men, 24 % women).
Page 103 and 104: Indicator 12: Out of 108 senior eco
Page 105 and 106: The Member States advance various r
Page 107 and 108: The Belgian quota law adopted in 20
Page 109 and 110: References Council Conclusions Nove
Page 111 and 112: 4.9.3. The CEDAW The Convention on
Page 113 and 114: Member States report on increased p
Page 115 and 116: 4.10.3. EU policy on eliminating ge
Page 117 and 118: In Spain, a specific institute (Obs
Page 119 and 120: Women remain absent from leadership
Page 121 and 122: Some MS report on actions that have
Page 123 and 124: • L.1. Eliminate all forms of dis
Page 125 and 126: The most recent information availab
Page 127 and 128: highest in Estonia with 90 %. The m
Page 129: In relation to the indicators adopt
Page 133 and 134: EU commitments to achieve the objec
Page 135 and 136: 5.5. Women and Armed Conflict (E) W
Page 137 and 138: Although it can be noted that the E
Page 139 and 140: 5.8. Institutional Mechanisms for t
Page 141 and 142: 5.10. Women and the Media (J) The m
Page 143 and 144: Two issues clearly placed on the MS
Page 145 and 146: Although gender mainstreaming is ar
Page 147 and 148: 6.3. Challenges for the future Euro
Page 149 and 150: The main challenges in the area of
Page 151 and 152: Annex I Indicators developed at EU
Page 153 and 154: IT Italy LV Latvia LT Lithuania LU
Page 155 and 156: Annex III Table 3.1 Personnel resou
Page 157 and 158: Table 3.3 Structure and content of
Page 159 and 160: Figure 4.1.2 At risk of poverty rat
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.2.1 Employment gap between
Page 163 and 164: Figure 4.2.5 Proportion of female a
Page 165 and 166: Figure 4.3.1 Number of years with g
Page 167 and 168: Figure 4.3.3 Proportion of persons
Page 169 and 170: Figure 4.3.5 Proportion of persons
Page 171 and 172: Figure 4.3.7 Proportions of women a
Page 173 and 174: Figure 4.6.1 Employed women and men
Page 175 and 176: Figure 4.6.5 Proportion of children
Page 177 and 178: Figure 4.6.9 Time spent on domestic
Page 179 and 180: Figure 4.6.13 Time spent on domesti
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Table 4.7.1 The cluster of Member S
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Figure 4.12.1 Difference between pr
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Figure 4.12.3 Difference between pr
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Table 4.12.2 Difference between 15-
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