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KITTIM IN THE WAR SCROLL AND IN THE PESHARIM 39 Column II Column III Column II 21. [. . .] "He has come to Aiath. He has passed [through Migron.] At Michma[sh] 22. [He stored his baggage. They have crossed] over the pass. Geba is a lodging place for them [Rammah becomes] ill. [Gibeah of] 23. [Saul has fled. Cry] aloud, O daughter of Gallim! Hearken [O Laisha! Answer her, O Anathoth!] 24. Madmenah [is in flight.] The [in]habitants of Gebim flee for refuge. This very [day he will halt at Nob.] 25. [He will shake] his fist at the mount of the daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem."] 26. [The interpretation of the] matter with regard to the End of Days concerns the coming 27. of [. . .]rh when he goes up from the Valley of Acco to fight in Phil[istia. 28. [. . .]dh, and there is none like it, and among all the cities of h[. 29. even up to the boundary of Jerusalem [. Column III 6. ... "and the th]ickets of [the forest will be cut down] with an axe, and Lebanon together with the might one
40 HANAN ESHEL 7. will fall." . . . They are the] Kittim, who will fa[11] by the hand of Israel. And the poor ones of 8. [Judah will judge] all the nations, and the warriors will be filled with terror, and [their] cour[age] will dissolve 9. ... "and those who are lofty] in stature will be cut off." They are the warriors of the Kitt[im] 10. [who . . .]d "And the thickets of [the] forest will be cut down with an axe." th[ey are] 11. [. . .]m for the battle of the Kittim. "And Lebanon together with the mi[ghty one] 12. [will fall." They are the] Kittim, who will be gi[ven] into the hand of his great ones. [. . .] 13. [. . .]ym when he flees befo[re Is]rael. [. . .] 14 [. . .] vacat Isa. 10:28-34 describes how the enemy marches from the northeast to Jerusalem, conquering various villages on the way. When the enemy gets very close to Jerusalem (able to shake his hand over Mt. Zion), God will crush the enemy and Jerusalem will be redeemed. In 1974, J. D. Amusin suggested identifying the events mentioned in this pesher on Isaiah 10 as relating to Ptolemy Lathyrus' campaign against Alexander Jannaeus. 31 According to Josephus (War 1.86 = Ant. 13.324-56), when Alexander Jannaeus established himself in power, he tried to conquer Acco-Ptolemais. After he succeeded in overcoming the army of Ptolemais on the battlefield, he laid siege to the city. At that point, the people of Ptolemais called upon Ptolemy Lathyrus IX, who was then ruling at Cyprus, to help them fight Alexander Jannaeus. At that time, Ptolemy was not on good terms with his mother, Cleopatra III, the queen of Egypt, who in turn was supporting his brother, Ptolemy Alexander I. Before Lathyrus sailed from Cyprus to Palestine, the people of Acco withdrew their request. Nevertheless, Ptolemy Lathyrus proceeded, landed in Shiqmonah south of Acco, and started his journey toward the city of Acco. Alexander Jannaeus, from his side, started to negotiate with Ptolemy Lathyrus; at the same time, Jannaeus asked Lathyrus' mother, Cleopatra, to come to his aid. After Ptolemy Lathyrus found out that Jannaeus had sent messengers to Cleopatra, he began to attack 31 J. D. Amoussine [= Amusin], "A propos de I'interpretation de 4Q161 (fragments 5-6 et 8)," RevQ8 (1974): 381-92; J. D. Amusin, "The Reflection of Historical Events of the First Century B.C. in Qumran Commentaries (4Q161; 4Q169; 4Q166)," HUCA 48 (1977): 123-34.
Page 2 and 3: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: FROM THE H
Page 4 and 5: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: FROM THE H
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS Preface vii Abbreviations
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE After the first three Orion
Page 10 and 11: ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible ANRW
Page 12 and 13: HISTORY OF THE JEWS AND JUDAISM
Page 14 and 15: JUDEAN NATIONALISM IN THE LIGHT OF
Page 16 and 17: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 5 The absence of
Page 18 and 19: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 7 was not a vagu
Page 20 and 21: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 9 'tribal' natur
Page 22 and 23: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 1 1 rnon culture
Page 24 and 25: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 13 Anderson emph
Page 26 and 27: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 15 Jews of antiq
Page 28 and 29: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 17 we find refer
Page 30 and 31: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 19 The evidence
Page 32 and 33: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 21 cannot learn
Page 34 and 35: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 23 the removal o
Page 36 and 37: 12 Community Rule 13 Leviticus 14 E
Page 38 and 39: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 27 dence from ot
Page 40 and 41: THE KITTIM IN THE WAR SCROLL AND IN
Page 42 and 43: KITTIM IN THE WAR SCROLL AND IN THE
Page 56 and 57: ANTIOCHUS IV EPIPHANES IN JERUSALEM
Page 58 and 59: ANTIOGHUS IV EPIPHANES IN JERUSALEM
Page 68 and 69: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN: NEW INSIGHTS
Page 70 and 71: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 59 Pharisees,
Page 72 and 73: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 61 also alludi
Page 74 and 75: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 63 ["If you wi
Page 76 and 77: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 65 the same va
Page 78 and 79: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 67 pesher was
Page 80 and 81: DESCRIPTIONS OF THE JERUSALEM TEMPL
Page 94 and 95: COMMUNITY AND COVENANT
Page 96 and 97: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT IN QUMR
Page 98 and 99: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 87 nuit
Page 100 and 101:
THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 89 refo
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 91 the
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 93 cove
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 95 ment
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 97 puni
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 99 "who
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 101 nam
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THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 103 it"
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"[T]HE[Y] DID NOT READ IN THE SEALE
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Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
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Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
COMMUNAL FASTS IN THE JUDEAN DESERT
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COMMUNAL FASTS 129 The word (also t
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COMMUNAL FASTS 131 the time of Hero
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COMMUNAL FASTS 133 It is clear that
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COMMUNAL FASTS 135 snares of Belial
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COMMUNAL FASTS 137 Priest persecute
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COMMUNAL FASTS 139 law-breakers in
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COMMUNAL FASTS 141 It may also be r
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COMMUNAL FASTS 143 These excerpts s
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COMMUNAL FASTS 145 to suggest other
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THE COMMUNITY OF GOODS AMONG THE FI
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 149 The two Gree
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 151 summary repe
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 153 no buying or
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 155 Although the
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 157 her husband,
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 159 makes use of
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4:36-37 to each as any might have n
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NATURAL SCIENCES AND THE SCROLLS
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THE GENETIC SIGNATURE OF THE DEAD S
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GENETIC SIGNATURE OF THE DEAD SEA S
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL AN
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL 17
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL 17
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HOW NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS CAN
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 181 Met
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 183 tai
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 185 tai
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INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS Abegg, M. G
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Lauterbach, J. Z. 114 n. 30 Lehnard
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Genesis 9:4 10:4 Exodus 14:13 19:8
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8:13-14 9-10 1 Chronicles 3:3 12:39
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Pseudo-Philo, LAB 8-9 Testament of
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CD (Damascus Document) 1:7 1:10-13
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. Baba Batra 21a b. B Mesi'a 104a b
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Aristotle, Me. Eth. 19.8.1168b Cice
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STUDIES ON THE TEXTS OF THE DESERT
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37. Goodblatt, D., A. Pinnick & D.R
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