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DESCRIPTIONS OF THE JERUSALEM TEMPLE 77 five cubits wide and twenty cubits high, the height being a detail not mentioned in the Bible. Indeed, it is probable that he imagined an extremely high set of chambers because of his view that the Temple was 120 cubits high. He describes three sets, one on top of another, and says that they are "equal in proportion and number," which seems to contradict the increasing width of the consecutive layers of chambers mentioned in the Bible. He also notes that the height was equal to that of the lower story, that is, the main Temple building, and did not surround the upper story. These structures then would have been sixty cubits high. 25 Josephus, in describing the Herodian Temple of his own day (War 5.220-21), mentions the chambers surrounding the Temple. They had three stories and doors connecting them. He also indicates that these chambers did not surround the upper story of the Temple, which in his view was forty cubits high. Again, in this account as well, he does not seem to allude to the outward slant of the chambers. These same structures appear in the Temple plan of the Temple Scroll. Effectively, these structures were part of the same building as housed the Temple. However, since they were entered from the outside, they were not considered to be part of the actual Temple. 26 In this matter, the scroll, like Ezekiel, followed the plan of the Solomonic Temple as known from Kings. The term , restored in the scroll, would have designated this storied structure. 27 The term is used to designate the pavement or terrace upon which each story is constructed. This pavement would have had to have been strong in order to support the next chamber, which protruded further out than the one below. 28 The scroll does appear to differ from the biblical sources followed 25 The rest of his account (67) depends on the Septuagint text, different from the MT-like text that is the basis of the Temple Scroll. See Thackeray and Marcus, Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, 5.607 n. e. 26 P. B. Bean, A Theoretical Construct for the Temple of the Temple Scroll (Ph.D. diss., University of Oregon, 1987), 326—27, suggests that the bottom level also served as the foundation for the Temple in this plan. 27 Mishnaic usage uses for this architectural term, following the qere in MT. It maintains the form in the meaning "couch, bed" as does MT. Yadin assumed that the scroll would have , the form found in the ketiv. On the meaning of , see the detailed entry and footnote (n. 2) in E. Ben-Yehuda, A Complete Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Hebrew (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1960), 3.2121. See also b. B. Bat. 6la. 28 For a different interpretation according to which it is a support for the roof beams of each level of chambers, see Albeck, Qodashim, 330-31.
78 LAWRENCE H. SCHIFFMAN by Josephus in one significant respect. It expects that there will be six levels of chambers, not three. It is difficult to understand this feature in light of the height of sixty cubits (11QT 4:10) that the scroll provides, unless the author, rejecting the view of Chronicles (see below), thought that Solomon's Temple had only been thirty cubits high. In that case, our author would be doubling the number of levels of chambers to accord with the doubling of the height of the Temple. 29 Concerning the outside chambers, we can conclude that Josephus's descriptions are at variance with those of the Temple Scroll as regards the number of such chambers and the height of this outer structure surrounding the Temple. Further, the descriptions in Josephus (unlike that of m. Middot, by the way) make no mention of the increasing protrusion of the chambers from the building designed to prevent climbing up the side. Other than dependence on the descriptions in the Bible, there is nothing common to Josephus and the Temple Scroll. The main structure was, of course, the Temple itself. For Solomon's Temple, the complete dimensions are given in 1 Kgs 6:2. There we are told that the Temple of Solomon was sixty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and thirty cubits high. The same length and width are specified in 2 Chron. 3:3. This length of sixty cubits given in Kings and Chronicles includes the sanctuary and the holy of holies. The height given in Kings (no height appears in the Chronicles passage) is likewise only for the section of the building—the inner forty cubits— that is not included in the portico. The portico was twenty cubits wider than the Temple and ten cubits deep, as specified in 1 Kgs 6:3. 30 The plan of Ezekiel's Temple was similar with respect to the overall dimensions. It called for a sanctuary forty cubits long (Ezek. 41:2), not counting the portico, which makes this Temple equivalent in depth to Solomon's. The depth of the portico, like that of Solomon's Temple, was to be twenty cubits (41:2). These same figures—sixty cubits high, twenty cubits wide and sixty cubits long—are given by Josephus for the Solomonic Temple (Ant. 8.65-71), simply reflecting the dimensions found in MT. In describing the Herodian Temple, he gives 29 Ezekiel expected three sets of chambers (41:7). The main difference in his account is that Ezekiel specifies a total of thirty-three chambers and a width of four cubits for each. It is possible that our scroll specifies this same size, at least for the bottom chambers in line 3. 30 The Septuagint substituted "forty" for the "sixty" of MT in this verse. Note, however, that Codex Alexandrinus has "sixty."
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: FROM THE H
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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES: FROM THE H
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CONTENTS Preface vii Abbreviations
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PREFACE After the first three Orion
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ABBREVIATIONS AB Anchor Bible ANRW
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HISTORY OF THE JEWS AND JUDAISM
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM IN THE LIGHT OF
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 5 The absence of
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 7 was not a vagu
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 9 'tribal' natur
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 1 1 rnon culture
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 13 Anderson emph
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 15 Jews of antiq
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 17 we find refer
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 19 The evidence
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 21 cannot learn
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JUDEAN NATIONALISM 23 the removal o
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12 Community Rule 13 Leviticus 14 E
Page 38 and 39: JUDEAN NATIONALISM 27 dence from ot
Page 40 and 41: THE KITTIM IN THE WAR SCROLL AND IN
Page 42 and 43: KITTIM IN THE WAR SCROLL AND IN THE
Page 56 and 57: ANTIOCHUS IV EPIPHANES IN JERUSALEM
Page 58 and 59: ANTIOGHUS IV EPIPHANES IN JERUSALEM
Page 68 and 69: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN: NEW INSIGHTS
Page 70 and 71: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 59 Pharisees,
Page 72 and 73: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 61 also alludi
Page 74 and 75: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 63 ["If you wi
Page 76 and 77: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 65 the same va
Page 78 and 79: SHELAMZION IN QUMRAN 67 pesher was
Page 80 and 81: DESCRIPTIONS OF THE JERUSALEM TEMPL
Page 94 and 95: COMMUNITY AND COVENANT
Page 96 and 97: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT IN QUMR
Page 98 and 99: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 87 nuit
Page 100 and 101: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 89 refo
Page 102 and 103: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 91 the
Page 104 and 105: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 93 cove
Page 106 and 107: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 95 ment
Page 108 and 109: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 97 puni
Page 110 and 111: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 99 "who
Page 112 and 113: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 101 nam
Page 114 and 115: THE CONCEPT OF THE COVENANT 103 it"
Page 116 and 117: "[T]HE[Y] DID NOT READ IN THE SEALE
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COMMUNAL FASTS IN THE JUDEAN DESERT
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COMMUNAL FASTS 129 The word (also t
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COMMUNAL FASTS 131 the time of Hero
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COMMUNAL FASTS 133 It is clear that
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COMMUNAL FASTS 135 snares of Belial
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COMMUNAL FASTS 137 Priest persecute
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COMMUNAL FASTS 139 law-breakers in
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COMMUNAL FASTS 141 It may also be r
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COMMUNAL FASTS 143 These excerpts s
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COMMUNAL FASTS 145 to suggest other
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THE COMMUNITY OF GOODS AMONG THE FI
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 149 The two Gree
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 151 summary repe
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 153 no buying or
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 155 Although the
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 157 her husband,
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COMMUNITY OF GOODS 159 makes use of
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4:36-37 to each as any might have n
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NATURAL SCIENCES AND THE SCROLLS
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THE GENETIC SIGNATURE OF THE DEAD S
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GENETIC SIGNATURE OF THE DEAD SEA S
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL AN
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL 17
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ANALYSIS OF MICROSCOPIC MATERIAL 17
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HOW NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS CAN
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 181 Met
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 183 tai
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NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS 185 tai
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INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS Abegg, M. G
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Lauterbach, J. Z. 114 n. 30 Lehnard
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Genesis 9:4 10:4 Exodus 14:13 19:8
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8:13-14 9-10 1 Chronicles 3:3 12:39
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Pseudo-Philo, LAB 8-9 Testament of
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CD (Damascus Document) 1:7 1:10-13
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. Baba Batra 21a b. B Mesi'a 104a b
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Aristotle, Me. Eth. 19.8.1168b Cice
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STUDIES ON THE TEXTS OF THE DESERT
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37. Goodblatt, D., A. Pinnick & D.R
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