The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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Travellers (≥1 year of age) to hepatitis A endemic areas Travellers to (≥1 year of age), and expatriates living in, moderately to highly endemic areas for hepatitis A should receive hepatitis A vaccine. 25 A single dose of a monovalent hepatitis A vaccine provides protective levels of anti-HAV for at least a year; 1 a 2nd dose is recommended 6 to 12 months following the 1st dose, to increase the duration of protection (see Table 4.4.1). Persons whose occupation puts them at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis A Persons whose occupation puts them at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis A include: persons who live or work in rural and remote Indigenous communities and/or persons who regularly provide care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia; staff working in early childhood education and care; carers of persons with developmental disabilities; and plumbers or sewage workers. See also 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements, Table 3.3.7 Recommended vaccinations for persons at increased risk of certain occupationally acquired vaccinepreventable diseases. Persons whose lifestyle puts them at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis A Persons who engage in anal intercourse, men who have sex with men, persons who inject drugs (including inmates of correctional facilities) and sex industry workers are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis A. 26 See also 3.3 Groups with special vaccination requirements. Persons with developmental disabilities Vaccination is recommended for persons with developmental disabilities, and susceptible carers, who attend both residential and non-residential facilities for persons with developmental disabilities. Although conditions/measures to limit the likelihood of hepatitis A transmission in such facilities have improved in recent decades, outbreaks of hepatitis A can occur in these settings. 26 Persons with chronic liver disease, liver solid organ transplant recipients and/or those chronically infected with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C viruses Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for persons with chronic liver disease of any aetiology. 2,26 Those with chronic liver disease of mild to moderate severity mount a satisfactory immune response following vaccination, but those with end-stage liver disease do not respond as well, and liver transplant recipients may not respond at all. 27,28 Nevertheless, all those with chronic liver disease who are non-immune to hepatitis A should be vaccinated, preferably as early in the course of the disease as possible. Vaccination is recommended for persons with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection because of the high case-fatality rate among these persons if they acquire hepatitis A. 2 204 The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition
Recommendations for the use of combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccines Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccines should be considered for susceptible persons in whom both hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines are recommended. Vaccination is usually provided in a 3-dose schedule (see Table 4.4.1). Twinrix (720/20) can be administered in a 2-dose regimen in persons 1 to
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The Australian Immunisation Handboo
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FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
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PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Page 167 and 168: PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
Page 169 and 170: Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
Page 171 and 172: Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
Page 173 and 174: depending on the number of vaccines
Page 175 and 176: Persons with functional or anatomic
Page 177 and 178: Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
Page 179 and 180: Persons with autoimmune diseases an
Page 181 and 182: Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
Page 183 and 184: 3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
Page 185 and 186: Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
Page 187 and 188: against certain vaccine-preventable
Page 189 and 190: 3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
Page 191 and 192: waters. All cases of cholera report
Page 193 and 194: Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
Page 195 and 196: 4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
Page 197 and 198: 4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
Page 199 and 200: • Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
Page 201 and 202: antibodies at an age when waning of
Page 203 and 204: children aged
Page 205 and 206: 4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
Page 207 and 208: • Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
Page 209 and 210: 4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
Page 211 and 212: 4.3.11 Public health management of
Page 213 and 214: In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
Page 215 and 216: Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
Page 217: Co-administration with other vaccin
Page 221 and 222: 4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
Page 223 and 224: 4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
Page 225 and 226: 4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
Page 227 and 228: For older children and young adults
Page 229 and 230: Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
Page 231 and 232: Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
Page 233 and 234: Management of infants born to mothe
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Page 237 and 238: with occult hepatitis B infection.
Page 239 and 240: immune memory persists and is thoug
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Page 243 and 244: Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
Page 245 and 246: 4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
Page 247 and 248: women. The prevalence of high-risk
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Page 251 and 252: If scheduled doses have been missed
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Page 257 and 258: 4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
Page 259 and 260: Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
Page 261 and 262: Always check annual seasonal influe
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Page 265 and 266: Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
Page 267 and 268: • Chronic respiratory conditions,
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Residents of residential aged care
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influenza vaccine prior to administ
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4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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28 days following vaccination with
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When using JEspect in children aged
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4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
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4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
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4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
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4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Table 4.9.1: Recommendations for me
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increase in adverse events from vac
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Immunoglobulin or blood product adm
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approximately 5%. 2,25 There is als
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Table 4.9.2: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
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4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
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Polysaccharide vaccines Quadrivalen
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Interchangeability of meningococcal
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• Children (aged ≥9 months) and
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Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
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4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
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Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
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4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
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Vaccination with other live attenua
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acquired from healthcare workers. 1
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demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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• Boostrix-IPV - GlaxoSmithKline
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in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
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(see ‘Women who are planning preg
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an HHE. An HHE may last from a few
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The product information for Quadrac
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4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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non-Indigenous children (88%). 19,2
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10-valent pneumococcal conjugate va
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lesser antibody responses to 2nd or
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Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
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Category B: Conditions associated w
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Children aged >5 years to 15 years)
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Non-Indigenous adults A single dose
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Adults who have a condition listed
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4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
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5 years with a condition(s) associa
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virtually eradicated in India, but
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formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polys
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4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
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4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
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individuals, which can be accessed
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Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
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4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
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4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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of an even more accelerated schedul
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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The relevant state/territory health
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Although data are limited on the ef
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
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studies indicate that the adverse r
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The product information for Adacel
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of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
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In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
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immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
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Laboratory testing to check for an
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the immunoglobulin preparations con
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Prevention of measles Measles vacci
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who are being treated with immunosu
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limb with a separate syringe, and a
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APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
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APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
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APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
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Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
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APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
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When should preterm infants be vacc
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If a parent decides not to have a c
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Should vaccines be given to persons
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eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
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Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
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(either alone or in combination) fo
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A4.5 Questions about the need for i
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APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
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Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
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Rotavirus a virus that is a common
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APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
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OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
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Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
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identifying the injection site, 79-
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Australian Capital Territory advers
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and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
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abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
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HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
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interferon-gamma release assays (IG
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mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
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Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
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and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
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espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
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varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
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INDEX 525 INDEX
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