The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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To reduce the risk of transmission of B. pertussis, persons with pertussis infection should commence appropriate antibiotic therapy on clinical suspicion, if within 21 days of the onset of coryza. Antibiotic treatment does not shorten the course of the illness, but reduces infectivity if provided early in the illness. Detailed information regarding appropriate macrolide antibiotics and dosing can be found in the national guidelines for control of pertussis. 72,74 Management of contacts of cases Vaccination Since a primary vaccination course requires three or more injections to protect against pertussis, infant vaccination cannot be effectively used to protect unimmunised infants. Vaccination has not been shown to have a role in controlling outbreaks at any age, even in closed settings. However, unvaccinated or partially vaccinated contacts, up to their 10th birthday, should be offered DTPa-containing vaccines, and older contacts should be offered dTpa (see 2.1.5 Catch-up). Passive immunisation with normal human immunoglobulin is not effective in the prevention of pertussis. Chemoprophylaxis The benefit of chemoprophylaxis in preventing the secondary transmission of pertussis is limited due to multiple factors, including delayed clinical presentation, delayed diagnosis and imperfect compliance. 75 The use of chemoprophylaxis for prevention of secondary cases should be limited to close contacts of cases in the household setting who are vulnerable to severe complications of pertussis, or who, in settings such as early childhood education and care or healthcare facilities, may transmit pertussis to vulnerable contacts. Further recommendations regarding chemoprophylaxis of close contacts can be found in the national guidelines for control of pertussis. 72 4.12.12 Variations from product information The product information for Infanrix hexa states that this vaccine is indicated for primary immunisation of infants from the age of 6 weeks. The ATAGI recommends that this vaccine may also be used for catch-up of the primary schedule in children
The product information for Quadracel states that this vaccine is indicated for use in a 3-dose primary schedule from the age of 2 months to 12 months and may also be used as a booster dose for children from 15 months to 6 years of age who have previously been vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis. The ATAGI recommends that, when appropriate, this product may also be used for either catch-up of the primary schedule or as a booster dose in children aged
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The Australian Immunisation Handboo
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FOREWORD Since 1932, when Governmen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTI
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1.1: Pre-vac
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List 4.13.1: Conditions associated
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PREFACE The 10th edition of The Aus
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Secretariat support, Australian Tec
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PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALI
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1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE 10TH EDITION
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1.3 HOW TO USE THE 10TH EDITION HAN
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1.4 WHAT’S NEW All chapters have
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2.2 Administration of vaccines •
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• The section on vaccination of p
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4.6 Human papillomavirus • HPV va
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• For Aboriginal and Torres Strai
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Part 5 Passive immunisation • Inf
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without the harmful consequences of
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(vaccine failure). Often such infec
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will occur following receipt of a s
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cases, both the doctor issuing the
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Should a child or adolescent refuse
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• check that the correct time int
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Note: Please discuss this informati
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Condition or circumstance of person
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Table 2.1.3: Live attenuated parent
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An online ‘catch-up calculator’
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Use of serological testing to guide
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• For some vaccines, catch-up vac
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Figure 2.1.1: Catch-up worksheet fo
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Vaccine Minimum age for 1st dose in
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Table 2.1.6: Number of vaccine dose
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Catch-up guidelines for individual
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If 13vPCV is not available, and 10v
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Previous vaccination history 2 prev
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 57 Ta
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 59 Ta
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Catch-up schedules for persons ≥1
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For additional details on these rec
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2.2 ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES 2.2.
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• Never freeze a vaccine after it
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PART 2 VACCINATION PROCEDURES 69 In
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2.2.5 Vaccine injection techniques
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Interruption to a vaccination If th
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2.2.7 Positioning for vaccination I
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Children ≥12 months of age Cuddle
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2.2.8 Identifying the injection sit
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• Place the palm over the greater
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2.2.9 Administering multiple vaccin
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2.3 POST-VACCINATION 2.3.1 Immediat
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Management of an immediate adverse
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Management of anaphylaxis Rapid IM
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Autoinjectors are generally not app
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Australia. 16 This vaccine is no lo
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Any serious or unexpected adverse e
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Consumers and immunisation service
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When relevant, immunisation service
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National Human Papillomavirus Vacci
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Immunisation service providers enro
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PART 3 VACCINATION FOR SPECIAL RISK
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Thus, a vaccine to prevent Hib dise
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3.1.2 Adults Hepatitis B Indigenous
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een low in younger Indigenous adult
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3.2 VACCINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL T
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• vaccination history (including
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departure to allow for the period w
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Selected vaccines based on travel i
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Tick-borne encephalitis Tick-borne
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3.2.5 Vaccinating the traveller wit
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• Travel health and quarantine se
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whether the AEFI is likely to recur
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(see Appendix 1 Contact details for
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avoided, except in situations where
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3.3.3 Vaccination of immunocompromi
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Use of live viral or live bacterial
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Influenza vaccination is recommende
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Haematopoietic stem cell transplant
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Vaccine Months after HSCT Comments
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depending on the number of vaccines
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Persons with functional or anatomic
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Table 3.3.5: Recommendations for va
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Persons with autoimmune diseases an
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Table 3.3.6: Recommended intervals
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3.3.7 Vaccination of persons at occ
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Occupation Vaccine Providers of hom
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against certain vaccine-preventable
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3.3.11 Vaccination of persons who i
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waters. All cases of cholera report
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Children aged 2-6 years Three doses
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4.1.11 Adverse events The inactivat
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4.2.4 Vaccines Diphtheria toxoid is
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• Adacel - Sanofi Pasteur Pty Ltd
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antibodies at an age when waning of
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children aged
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4.3 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B 4
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• Hiberix - GlaxoSmithKline (PRP-
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4.3.7 Recommendations Infants A Hib
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4.3.11 Public health management of
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In recent years, hepatitis A notifi
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Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines ar
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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Recommendations for the use of comb
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4.4.10 Adverse events The most comm
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4.5.3 Epidemiology The prevalence o
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4.5.4 Vaccines Monovalent hepatitis
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For older children and young adults
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Vaccine Age of vaccine recipient Do
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Combination hepatitis A/hepatitis B
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Management of infants born to mothe
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Household or other close (household
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with occult hepatitis B infection.
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immune memory persists and is thoug
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to suggest that a higher proportion
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Table 4.5.3: Post-exposure prophyla
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4.6 HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS 4.6.1 Viro
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women. The prevalence of high-risk
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• Gardasil - CSL Limited/Merck &
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If scheduled doses have been missed
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However, some adult males may gain
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4.6.9 Contraindications The only ab
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4.7 INFLUENZA 4.7.1 Virology The in
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Figure 4.7.1: Influenza notificatio
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Always check annual seasonal influe
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7.5 µg of viral haemagglutinin (in
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Table 4.7.1: Recommended doses of i
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• Chronic respiratory conditions,
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Residents of residential aged care
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influenza vaccine prior to administ
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4.8 JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 4.8.1 Vir
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28 days following vaccination with
Page 277 and 278: When using JEspect in children aged
Page 279 and 280: 4.8.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding I
Page 281 and 282: 4.9 MEASLES 4.9.1 Virology Measles
Page 283 and 284: 4.9.4 Vaccines Monovalent measles v
Page 285 and 286: 4.9.6 Dosage and administration The
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Page 297 and 298: 4.10 MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.10.1 B
Page 299 and 300: 4.10.4 Vaccines There are different
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Page 303 and 304: Interchangeability of meningococcal
Page 305 and 306: • Children (aged ≥9 months) and
Page 307 and 308: Appendix 1 Contact details for Aust
Page 309 and 310: 4.11 MUMPS 4.11.1 Virology Mumps is
Page 311 and 312: Trivalent measles-mumps-rubella (MM
Page 313 and 314: 4.11.7 Recommendations Infants aged
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Page 319 and 320: demonstrated a more rapid decline,
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Page 323 and 324: in the previous 10 years. 19,45 Adu
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Page 331 and 332: 4.13 PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE 4.13.1 Ba
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Page 339 and 340: Table 4.13.1: Recommendations for p
Page 341 and 342: Category B: Conditions associated w
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Page 349 and 350: 4.13.11 Adverse events 10-valent pn
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Page 357 and 358: 4.14.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Page 359 and 360: 4.15 Q FEVER 4.15.1 Bacteriology Q
Page 361 and 362: 4.15.4 Vaccine • Q-Vax - CSL Limi
Page 363 and 364: individuals, which can be accessed
Page 365 and 366: Refer to 3.3 Groups with special va
Page 367 and 368: 4.16 RABIES AND OTHER LYSSAVIRUSES
Page 369 and 370: 4.16.4 Rabies vaccines • Mérieux
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Page 373 and 374: Pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies
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Table 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophyl
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Figure 4.16.2: Post-exposure prophy
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Figure 4.16.3: Booster algorithm fo
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allergic reaction occurs following
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age group11,12 and affecting 3.8% o
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of age, the risk of IS was increase
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Interchangeability of rotavirus vac
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gestational age; median 34 weeks) w
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Infants living in households with p
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4.17.12 Variations from product inf
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2003, rubella notifications in Aust
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zoster virus [Oka strain]). Lyophil
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children
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A number of commercial assays for t
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Germany indicates that no case of v
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case. Seronegative women of child-b
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4.19 TETANUS 4.19.1 Bacteriology Te
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Formulations for children aged
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4.19.5 Transport, storage and handl
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foreign bodies (especially wood spl
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studies indicate that the adverse r
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The product information for Adacel
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of MDR-TB cases identified has incr
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BCG vaccination procedures BCG vacc
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Occupational groups There is some e
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In developed countries, typhoid fev
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A 4th capsule taken on day 7 has be
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4.21.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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4.22 VARICELLA 4.22.1 Virology Vari
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as a case of wild-type varicella oc
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Reconstituted Varivax Refrigerated
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adequate protection from varicella.
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eceived varicella vaccine while bre
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immunoglobulin and other blood prod
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eported in a 9-year follow-up of 70
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high-dose intravenous NHIG are like
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4.23 YELLOW FEVER 4.23.1 Virology Y
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Co-administration with other vaccin
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4.23.8 Pregnancy and breastfeeding
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Vaccine-associated neurotropic adve
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1000 cases per 100 000 population i
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administration of Zostavax with 23-
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diagnosis. In addition, the risk of
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Laboratory testing to check for an
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the immunoglobulin preparations con
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Prevention of measles Measles vacci
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who are being treated with immunosu
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limb with a separate syringe, and a
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APPENDIX 1: CONTACT DETAILS FOR AUS
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APPENDIX 2: LITERATURE SEARCH STRAT
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APPENDIX 3: COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
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Vaccine component* Vaccine brand
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APPENDIX 4: COMMONLY ASKED QUESTION
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When should preterm infants be vacc
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If a parent decides not to have a c
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Should vaccines be given to persons
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eason not to vaccinate. Asthma, ecz
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Does MMR vaccine cause inflammatory
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(either alone or in combination) fo
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A4.5 Questions about the need for i
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APPENDIX 5: GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL T
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Enzootic enzootic infections are pr
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Rotavirus a virus that is a common
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APPENDIX 6: COMMONLY USED ABBREVIAT
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OPV oral poliomyelitis vaccine PCEC
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Year Vaccine 2003 Varicella 2003 Me
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identifying the injection site, 79-
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Australian Capital Territory advers
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and travellers, 119 vaccines, 177-1
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abies and other lyssaviruses (inclu
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HPV Vaccination Program, 234 human
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interferon-gamma release assays (IG
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mercury, in vaccines. see thiomersa
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Northern Territory ACIR reporting,
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and Haemophilus influenzae type b (
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espiratory syncytial virus monoclon
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Therapeutic Goods Administration (T
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varicella-zoster immunoglobulin, 45
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INDEX 525 INDEX
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The Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013

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